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2024届名师原创分科模拟(五)ZS4英语考试试卷

八年级英语周报 48

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30.What does the underlined word "shuffling"mean in paragraph 4?A.Observing.B.Describing.C.Rearranging.D.Protecting.31.Which is a suggested solution to helping mums into work?A.Reducing childcare fees.B.Strengthening children's responsibility.C.Shortening children's structured days.D.Offering the best life start to children.DOn January 7th,2022,David Bennett became the first person to have a hearttransplanted successfully into him from a pig.On that occasion,mere operation successwas the goal.This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation(异种移植)-thetransfer of organs from other species to human patients.For decades,researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation's basicproblem.This is that the human body,when it recognizes foreign tissue,tends to turagainst it.In the case of pigs,the most important marker of foreignness is a sugarmolecule (called alpha-Gal.While this molecule does not exist in humans,antibodies to kill it do.So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more thana couple of minutes in a human body.In 2003 pigs were produced with a changedgenome(基因组)so as to prevent the enzyme(酶)responsible for making alpha-Gal.This was a step in the right direction,but other barriers popped up.The pig for David's operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase thechances of success.Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a humanantibody rejecting the organ.A fourth,a growth gene,had also been knocked out,toensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation.And six human genes had beenadded to promote acceptance.There are other concerns.One is any unknown rejection mechanism.Another is thepossibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host.The pig in question was raisedwhere there was no virus to reduce the chance of that,but it remains a possibility.In theory,pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ,but some willbe more complex than others.Moreover,even these barriers can be overcome,mostresearchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world'sdemand for organs may take decades.After this news,however,the chances that it will

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