17.(共13分)五氧化二钒(V,O5)在冶金、化工等领域有重要应用。实验室以含钒废料（主要为V2O3,还含有少量Fe0、CuO、MnO、SiO2、Al2O3、有机物)为原料制备V2O5的一种流程如图：H,SO,溶液NH,HCO,过量NH42SO。H2O含钒废料焙烧酸溶调plH沉锰沉钒→NHVO,煅烧滤渣1滤渣2滤渣3已知：①NH4VO3可溶于热水。②25℃时，难溶电解质的溶度积常数如表所示：难溶电解质Cu(OH)2Mn(OH)2Al(OH)3Fe(OH);Fe(OH)2NH4VO:Ksp2.2×10-204×10-141.9×10-331.1×10-361.64×10-141.6×103(1)“焙烧的主要目的是(2)滤渣2的成分为(3)“沉锰需将温度控制在70℃左右，温度不能过高或过低的原因为沉锰的离子反应方程式为(4)“沉钒”得到偏钒酸铵NH4VO3)若“沉钒”前溶液中直流电源c(V0)0.2mol·L,不考虑溶液体积变化，为使钒元素的沉降率达到石墨98%,至少应调节cNH4)为molL1。电极X(⑤)将制得的V2O5通过电解的方法制备金属钒，以熔融CaOV.O为电解质的电解装置如图：石墨电极X接直流电源的(填正极”或“负极)，阴极反应式为石墨电极Y18.(共15分)我国是世界上最早制得和使用金属锌的国家，锌在人类生产生活中有重要应用。回答下列问题：L.一种Z+配合物广泛应用于催化剂，光导体，光动力疗法，其结构如图1所示：(1)Zn2+价电子轨道表示式为(2)该配合物中电负性最大的元素是(3)下列状态的氮中，电离最外层一个电子所需能量最大的是。(填序号)A.[He]2s22p3B.[He]2s22p2C.[He]2s22p23s1D.[He]2s22p3s1(4)该配合物中C的轨道杂化类型为(⑤)该配合物中Zn2+的配位数为图1

I come from one of those families where you have to yell at the dinner table to get in aword.Everyone has a 41 opinion and talks at the same time,and no one has a 42 leadingto heated arguments.We often talk or even debate with each other on different topics.43afamily like mine has made me more curious about the world around me,making me tend to44 anything anyone tells me.But it has also made me realize that I'm not a good listener.Andwhen I say "listening",I'm not referring to the nodding-your-head -and-45-answering-Ooh-I-seevariety.I mean the kind of listening where you find yourself deeply 46 with the personyou're speaking with,when his story becomes so vivid that your world becomes47 about you and more about him.No,I was never very good at that.I spent summer in South Africa two years ago.I worked for a good non-profit schoolcalled Noah,which works 48 on behalf of children affected by AIDS.But if you askedme what I really did in South Africa,I'd tell you one thing:I listened,and I listened.Sometimes49,but mostly listened.And if I had not spent two months 50,I might have missed the 51momentwhen a quiet little girl at one of Noah's community centers,orphaned (L)at the age of three,whispered after a long52,"I love you."Before that summer,I knew how to hear.I could sit down with anyone and hear theirstories and nod and respond at the 53 time-but most of the time I was thinking about thenext words out of my own 54.Ever since my summer in South Africa,I have noticed thatit's in those moments when my mouth is closed and my 55 is wide open that I've learnedthe most about other people,and perhaps about myself.41.A.smallB.strongC.heavyD.large42.A.promiseB.scheduleC.problemD.wish43.A.Believing inB.Belonging toC.Bringing upD.Arguing for44.A.questionB.rememberC.understandD.wonder45.A.rudelyB.loudlyC.gratefullyD.politely46.A.competingB.quarrelingC.debatingD.identifying47.A.leastB.lessC.fewestD.fewer48.A.effortlesslyB.timelesslyC.aimlesslyD.tirelessly49.A.applaudedB.weptC.spokeD.complained50.A.studyingB.travelingC.listeningD.working51.A.astonishingB.botheringC.boringD.touching52.A.silenceB.courseC.journeyD.delay53.A.valuableB.freeC.rightD.same54.A.mouthB.bodyC.eyesD.head55.A.moodB.mindC.spiritD.sympathy第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。高一英语试卷第9页共11页

tous”可知，Lorraine认为大约60年前嘲笑过她们的人能请求原凉是一件美好的事情；据此可推知，这次会面让三人都感到宽慰，故C项正确。28.C细节理解题。根据第1段第2句“If the world followed the so-called”planetary health'“diet,each year more thanI1 million early deaths could be prevented.”可知，行星健康饮食会防止人们在早期死亡。29.A细节题。根据第2段最后一句If we want to feed everyone,we all need to change what we eat and the way we eatby improving food production and reducing food waste..可知，科学家们建议人们改变饮食方式是为了养活地球上的每一个人。30.D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，虽然目标很难实现，但是只要努力，就会不断向成功迈进。31.B主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科学家们提出了一种新的有益人类和地球健康的饮食结构。32.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For the obese,exercise is very important as it helps reduce body fat by buildingor preserving muscle mass and improving the body's ability to use calories.”可知，锻炼可以帮助肥胖者锻炼肌肉，燃烧卡路里。33.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Regular physical activity can improve your mood and the way you feel aboutyourself.”以及下文内容可知，锻炼可能起到减压的作用。34.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Remember to check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program”可知，开始新运动之前要咨询医生，得到医生的建议。35.D推理判断题。根据本文的话题“锻炼有益于身心健康”以及每段首句，尤其是其中的关键词exercise,feelbetter,gain health benefits等可以推断出，本文的中心是说明有规律的锻炼对一个人的身心健康有益处，所以D项“有规律的锻炼可以提高一个人的整体生活质量”理应是作者同意的观点。36~40 BDCEG41.C考查名词辨析。A.seconds秒；B.hours小时；C.minutes分钟；D.days天。句意：在一栋大楼的台阶上，一群工程学大四学生聚集在一起，讨论几分钟后就要开始的考试。由下文可知学生们正在去考场的路上，所以肯定是过一会就要考试了即几分钟。故C选项切题。42.A考查名词辨析。A.graduation毕业；B.discussion讨论；C.education教育；D.interview面试。句意：这是他们毕业和工作前的最后一次考试。根据上文的It was the last day of the final examination in a large eastern university可知，他们考完试就可以毕业了。故A选项切题。43.B考查情态动词辨析。A.must必须；B.would将要；C.have to不得不；D.used to过去常常。句意：有些学生谈论着他们已经找好的工作，其他人谈论将会找到的工作。一些人在讨论已经找到的工作，有的人在讨论将会找到的工作。所以would“将要”符合句意。故B选项切题。44.C考查名词辨析。A.hold握住；B.charge费用；C.control控制；D.place地方。句意：凭着对四年大学生活的把握，他们觉得已经做好了准备，能够征服世界了。根据生活常识可以判断出，即将毕业的学生都充满了自信，凭借着自己的专业，觉得能够征服世界了。take control of“控制”符合句意。故C选项切题。45.D考查形容词辨析。A.interesting有趣的；B.hard难的；C.unusual不常的；D.easy容易的。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。由下文可知，教授说他们可以带任何书籍或者笔记去参加考试，因此他们认为这次考试肯定是非常容易的。故D选项切题。46.D考查形容词辨析。A.no没有的；B.either任一的；C.all所有的；D.any.任何的。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。教授允许他们带任何的书籍。ay“任何的”符合句意。故D选项切题。47.A考查动词短语辨析。A.talk to与..交谈；B.look at看；C.refer to;参考D.listen to听。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。教授唯一的要求就是他们不可以相互之间讨论。也就是要求他们自己答自己的卷子。故A选项切题。48.C考查副词辨析。A.nervously紧张地；B.quickly快地；C.joyfully高兴地；D.curiously好奇地。句意：他们欢快地进了考场，教授把考卷发给他们。他们认为试卷将会很简单，所以他们很开心地进人了考场。故C选项切颗。49.B考查动词辨析。A.changed改变；B.appeared出现；C.froze使结冰；D.stopped停止。句意：当同学们看到只有5个问答题时，脸上露出了笑容。由“they noted(注意到)there were only five essay-type questions”可知，他们发现题目很简单，只有五个论文类型的问题，所以脸上露出了笑容。故B选项切题。50.D考查从属连词辨析。A.then然后；B.as当…时；C.after在…以后；D.before在.·之前。句意：三个小时过去了，教授开始收卷子。分析句子可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句，表示教授开始收卷子之前过去了三个小时。故D选项切题。51.C考查形容词辨析。A.pleased高兴的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.worried担忧的；D.moved感动的。句意：他环视了一下面前这些忧郁的脸，问道：“有多少人完成了这5道题？”没有一个人举手。由上文的“On their faces wasa frightened expression”可知，他们很害怕，很忧郁。故C选项切题。【2022单科模拟检测卷·英语参考答案第3页（共24页）】

3.What is mentionedconfter fom deep undergound?A.The damage to aquifers.B.The sinking of land surfaceC.The decrease in operation costs.D.The negative effects on the climate31.What is the best title of the text?A.People Should Save WaterC.Microbes can get food beneath the plain.B.Promoting the Seawater DesalinationD.Microbes have stronger vitality than we can imagine.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）C.A New Way of Extracting Fresh waterD.People Should Focus on the Droughts in California根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Why Gratitude Is SignificantAs far as Iam concemned,no matter what you're going through,thereaystbethanne bacteria give new meaning to the word"old.After sleeping many,many,many years beneath tDBut not only that-being thankful might just be exactly what you need todo ifyouregoingo36loor,scientists woke them up.How long nad tey been resting?Try more than 100 million years!surprise,these cells were really ready for breakfast.5 haye neroney时以oriee(孩生物)mit surive.BhereResearchers found that having a grateful attitude helps strengthen one's immune systemoweboodcertainly had beyrmehpressure,improve sleep and motivate people to exercise regularly.37 Practicing gratitudeahabeeassociated with better quality of life for individuals who struggle with stress,anxiety and depression.They collected sediments(沉积物）dating back 13 million to nearly 102 million years..Nearly all of theHaving gone through a period of depression myself after cancer surery10 yearsIcan tellothmicrobes inside these samples were dormant ()They appeared to be resting quietly.Just like Sleepingillness can be severe.38 I knew I was in trouble when I couldn't eat or sleep.It took me well over a year tocome out of that dark valley.Beatythywr ing eane not wih thefeastffered fd,evn theodest f these microbe woke up and begn reproding.During that time I sought forms of treatment for depression,including professional counselling andReearchern pn red heir disvery in Nure CommiThe dngo iteexercise.One thing recommended to me by a counselor was keeping a gratitude joumal.39 Thissimpeeven in veryemnvont No hat'sky.These patient celluWhen theexereise lifts my sight out of the darkness and helps me see the trutharond thereare peoplehodafor you,there's purpose in life.finally arrives,they'll perk up,growing and multiplying.40 In reality,there is no single cure for it.If sffering,you may prefer tosekprofesThese microbes had been living beneath a vast,flat,sediment-eovered plain.eallyceand care.Still,I would encourage you to practice gratitude.Think ofa few things you e thankfe foYoudeser00500 mete beneath the seaurface.YukiMorn mbos Heorhamight be surprised by how significant an effect it can have.A.It carries a lots of health benefits.Ageney for Marine-Earh Science and Technology in Kochi.Morono and his eamwrkedhmichB.Being grateful accounts for your recovery.cme from beneath the South Pacific Gyre.Nearly all the long-domant mierobe eded quicklyohed.C.Gratitude is good for your mind,body and soul.By 68 days after the start of the experiment,their numbers had skyrocketed fromas few as severa100cperD.Depression makes you feel as if you are dead inside.cubic centimeter to I million cells per cubic centimeter.E.For example,I would sincerely convey my gratitude loudly.And not just microbes from the youngest sediments woke up and became active.Even in the sample withF.Every day,I would set down three things I was thankful for in life.the most elderly microbes-ones some 101.5 million years old-feeding revived upto99.1 percent of them.G.Now I realize depression does not go away by practicing asine exerse32.What's the main purpose of the study?第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分】A.To test how long starving seafloor microbes can survive.第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）B.To explore how seafloor microbes can multiply.阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。C.To analyse what makes seafloor microbes sleep.When a brave London rail worker saw a bike theft in progress at his station,he knew heoddbD.To find out what seafloor microbes'food is.and let it happen.Abdul El-Gayar was counting down from his shift at Cannon Street station when he heard the33.How can seafloor microbes be wakened up?sound of a 41 being broken and he didn't think iwice.He said,"You're not 42 that.It's not yourbike.”A.By kissing them.C.By lighting them.B.By giving them food.The guy 43 gave up and walked off.El-Gayar put the bike into 44 stocage because the lock hadD.By removing sedimentsbeen broken.Even though El-Gayar's 45 had ended,he then chose to wait until the bicyele's 46 came34.Which can best explain the underlined words"perk up"in paragraph 3?back-and it took four hours.He had a bike to work;he 47 what value they had to people.A.Join up.B.Clear up.When Steve Farmer 48 outside the station that evening,he'd 49 had a streasful day.NommallyC.Come alive.D.Come loosehe'd lock his bike up at the 50 but that moming he'd 51 his security pass.Typically he'd35.What can be inferred from the study?52 his trusty U-loek with him,but he only had his son's bike lock this time.So he'd 53 his bicyeA.Microbes don't sleep actually.outside the station and 54 the best.When he arrived at 6 p.m.and 55 the eut lock on thegouwhere his bike had been,he thought the 56.B.Microbes can't be affected by surroundings.At the train platform he saw El-Gayar,who had"a smiewil never forget"realdF Tater【2022届高考原创模拟卷·英语（六）第5页（共8页）】【2022届高考原创模拟卷：英语（六）第6页（共8页