普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考向卷（二)答题卡姓名准考证号条形码区缺考标记（考生禁止填涂正确填涂1.答题前，考生须准确填写自已的姓名、准考证号，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号。涂2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工错误填涂意事整、清晰。例☑XO3,按照题号在对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答题无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上作答【)加三无效。4.答题卡不得折叠、污染、穿孔、撕破等。第一部分阅读1A[B[C][D]6[AJ[BCJD11 [A]BC[D16ABCDEFG2AB]CD7[A]BCLD12[A[B[CD17 ABCDFG3ABCD]8ABC D13A]BCD18 ABCIDE田EOG4A]BC]D]9ABC[D14A▣BJCD19 A[BC]D[G5A[BCD10A▣B]CD15A[BC]LD20 [A[B][C[DLELF]LG]第二部分语言运用（第一节）21ABCD26 AJ[B[CD31 A][B]C][D]22 ABCD27AJ[BC]D32A[BCD23ABCD28 A]LBCD33A☐B]CD24 [A[B[C]D29 [A][B[C][D34AJBCLD25AJB[C]D30 AJ[BCD35A[BCD第二部分语言运用（第二节）3637.39.4041.424445严禁超出矩形边框作答

121+-7N116k4+24k2+9…9分12当k=0时，S△OMw=712当k≠0时，SAOMN=1+7916+京+24~16+是+24≥26·是+24=48，当且仅当6=±时等号成立。号0,则f(x)≤ax即2lnt+t-1-a(t2-1)≤0，t>0令g()=21nt+t-1-a(2-1),t>0,则g'()=2+1-2at=-2at+t+2t>0t若a≤0，则g'(t)>0,此时g(t)在(0，+∞)内单调递增，g(1)=0,所以t>1时，g(t)>0,不符合题意；若a>0,则由g'()=0得，=-1-个+16a_1+1+16a-4aAa当x∈(0，to),g'(t)>0,g(t)单调递增；当x∈(to,+∞)，g'(t)1或者t0,不符合题意；当。=1时，g(0)≤g()=g(1)=0,符合题意，故++16a=1,解得a=21…6分(2)要证0

本期听一缄础学关泽e9三基ENGLISHKEY高三基础第52期48上期A2版参考答案及解析(201-702)A37089其A:1-3 DBCB:1-4 ADCBC:1-4 CABD31日本文的语篇奥型是应用文，主题语境是人与自水文的语篇类型是议文，主题语境是人与有然之生活与学。木文介帽了欣洲核子研究组织为学之自然生态。木文介绍了食用昆虫的文化特性及益之科与技水。文章分绍了Dni的直场of hydroponic lettuces were grown in a row of nine生提供实际操作技能培训项目1,A。段落大意题。根据木第一向可知在许stories under the soft fuchsia light of LED lights可知1D。节理解题。根据文章第一段中的多文化中，昆虫是人们饮食的重要组成部分，该句在柔和的1ED灯光下，室内种寿五种水墙生菜，分operates the largest particle physies laboratory in the是主旨句，点明了食用昆出的文化特性九层列，由此可知Dane的直表场能有很多间worldtry to discover what the universe is made of2.D。细节理解题。根据文章第二役raisingand how it works可知，欧洲核子研究组织是世界上最these kinds of insects instead of cattle or pigs can be2.人。推理判断期。根挑文章第二段内客可知大型的粒子物理学实险室，也是一个非常大的空间beneficial to the environment可知，食用昆虫的好处之Daniel的垂直农场具有产量高，受假小以及环保的优点，由此可推知，木段主要介绍了每直有场的伊研究组织。-是有益于环境保护点2、B。细节理解题。根据Marie-Curie PhD3.C。推理判断题。根据文章第三段.it will take3.B。词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，文Scholarship部分中的There are no openings at thea major shift in the way we think about food if Americans第二段主要介绍了垂直农场的优点，而第三孩第moment可知，该项目目前还未开放中请，与其他三become insect--caters可知，作者提到他小时候不喜欢句由But连接，该段点明了存在的问题一室内农场个项日不同。吃牡蛎是想证明人们对食物的看法是可以改变的。依赖于数以万计的LED灯的人工照明。3.C。细节理解题。根据Technical Student Program4.B。文章出处题。根据文章最后一段可知，该4.D。主旨大意题。综观金文可知，垂直农场的部分中的..looking for a practical training period or文源于一位老师的授课内容特点就是在室内种植，作者对其优缺点均进行了分a place to complete your final project可知，TechnicalC绍，但其发展前景依旧不明，故而以“垂直农业真的Student Program对完成项目最有帮助本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会能在室内发展吗？”为题最为恰当上期A3版参考答案及解析完形填空educational)动物17.A。作者7岁时被一只仓鸡吸引了(attracted)1-5 ACDBC6-10 BDABD7.D。根据第三段的through an animal education18.A。根据作者回忆的内容可知，小时候的经历11-15 CADBC16-20 DAACBprogram可知，此处选educational。(experience)改变了作者看待自然的方式本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是人与自然8.A。该计划让作者感到愤怒(angered)I9.C。根据and needs our help to make a comeback之自然生态。作者一开始对用仓鸡进行教育项目的9.B。毫无疑问，康复中心主任察觉(sensed)到了可知，仓鹗被认为是濒危的(endangered)计划感到生气。不过，作者后来明白了野生动物教作者的愤怒。20.B。作者觉得自己真的有所作为(make a有活动具有重要意义」10.D。根据上文主任的建议以及下文故事的发difference)。l.A。根据and asked if I would be interested in展可知，作者不情愿地同意(agreed)去了。阅读填空raising“the babies'”可知，当地的一家野生动物康复中11.C。根据上文主任的建议可知，正是这项任务1-5 DGACF心主任与作者接洽(approached),问作者有没有兴趣assignment)让作者意识到本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与自照顾小仓鹗。12.A。作者意识到通过动物教有项目可以取得我之生活与学。文章介绍了如何对待建设性批2.C。根据through my head of hours happily spent多大的成就(accomplished)一在某些情况下，比所评raising these babies可知，作者欣喜若狂(overjoyed)有康复人员的努力(efforts)还要多」L,D。D项与本段前一句存在转折关系，“但是建3.D。花费时间快乐地养育这些小仓鸦，和它们13.D。参考上题解析。设性建议能改善某种情况”打交道直到它们发有成熟(mature)的思绪(Thoughts)涌l4.B。根据Some had never seen the animals I2.G。G项与本段前一句存在递进关系，“给提出进大脑。showed to them可知，作者发现，大多数孩子和自己批评的人充分表达所谈事宜的机会"4.B。参考上题解析。一样了解野生动物(wildlife)的设想(assumption)是完3.A。本段主要讲要确保理解所解释的情况，A5.C。根据one of the owls was to be used as a(o).全错误的。项与本段内容吻合，总领该段animal可知，作者错误地(incorrectly)认为要放飞所有15.C。参考上题解析。4.C。C项与本段前一句存在因果关系，“所以试的仓鹑。16.D。根据revisiting the time when I was7 years着站在说话者的角度考虑问题”6.B。根据through an animal education programold可知，作者发现(found)自己重温了7岁在学校的时5.F。F项与本段前一句存在指代关系，this指代可知，事实上(In fact),其中一只仓鸡要被用作教有光Taking appropriate action afterwards本期A2版参考答案及解析A:1-3ACBB:1-4 DBCDC:1-4 BCADl.D。推理判断题。根据第二段的Students会之科学与技术。位于英国伦敦的人工智能企业Aparticipated in a project called "Students HelpingDeepMind开发的AlphaFold已成功解码了人体内的皑本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境是人与自然Veterans"...Generous local community donations helped大部分蛋白质结构之自然生态。文章介绍了四个各具特色的旅游景点。fund the project可知，当地社区的慷慨捐赠为该项目L.B。词义猜测题。根据第一段的But DeepMindL,A。细节理解题。根据Te Anau Glowworm提供了资金。由此推断，参加该项目的学生在社区raised the bar to 98.5%,announcing that its AlphaFoldCaves中的Adult:103.00和Child(14 years and under)里筹集资金。model could quickly and reliably calculate the wayS30.00可知，一对夫妇带着6岁的孩子参观萤火虫洞2.B。细节理解题。根据第二段的They ultimatelyproteins fold.This could lead to targeted drugs that bind穴应付236美元wanted to create a community where veterans can beto specific parts of molecules可知，AlphaFold模型可2.C。细节理解题。根据Fiordland Jet Boat fromsurrounded by other veteran neighbors可知，那些高中以快速可靠地计算出蛋白质折叠的方式，这可能会Te Anau Pause along the way to...re-imagine The生的主要目的是为那些老兵创建一个社区。导致出现与分子特定部分结合的靶向药物。由此猜Lord of the Rings from three film locations可知，参加3.C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Senior student测，his”指的是对蛋白质结构和折叠方式的了解这个旅行可以探索某个系列电影的拍摄地，点Sarah Dalby said when she started the project,she barely2.C。文章结构题。文章第一段引出了有关3.B。细节理解题。根据Kepler Track Guidedknew how to use a saw but now she is a fast learner andDeepmind.公司最斯科研成果的话题，之后就该话题Heli HikeAfter a spectacular helicopter ride from Teloves the work可知，Sarah Dalby和地的同学们亲自动的相关进展采访提问了首席执行官Pushmeet Kohli,Anau,you will arrive at Luxmore Hut可知，游客通过手为老兵建房子。Pushmeet Kohli给与相应回复乘坐直升机到达Luxmore Hut.4.D。推理判断题。根据第四段的Their goal isto3.A。推理判断题。根据第六段的We make theBgrow the project and expand it to other schools and citiesmodel and the code available so anyone can find thestructure of any protein they want可知，Deepmind对共本文的语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境是人与that can replicate this model可知，他们的目标是扩大该项目，并将其推广到其他可以复制这一模式的学宝贵的研究成果非常慷概自我之做人与做事。一群有爱心的高三学生募捐筹校和城市。由此推断，这些学生关爱他人4.D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了DeepMind-开钱给无家可归的老兵亲自设计并修建房子。他们这发的AlphaFold已成功解码了人体内的绝大部分蛋白样做是想以他们的行动影响他人，让更多人奉献爱本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社质结构

一盏一世界，斑斓的纹路带着层层叠叠的美感，带出了建盏的 身影，也折射出文人墨客的人文情怀。无论是诗句还是建盏，都是 人的心情承载。 21.文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是(3分)（〉 A.流行于宋代的具有趣味性的斗茶文化艺术，是驱动建盏发展 的根本原因。 B.具有趣味性的流行于宋代的斗茶文化艺术，是成为驱动建盏 发展的根本原因。 C.流行于宋代的具有趣味性的斗茶文化艺术，是成为驱动建盏 发展的根本原因。 D.具有趣味性的流行于宋代的斗茶文化艺术，是驱动建盏发展 的根本原因。

"One remaining problem of the widespread use of e-skins lies in mass production of high-resolution34.What can we infer from Sharifs words in the last paragraph?sensors,"adds group leader Vincent Tung,"however,the latest technology offers new promise.A.Taking good advantage of free time will help bring people happiness.28.What's the feature of the new e-skin?B.Attending too many activities may damage people's health.A.It's flexible and sensitive.B.It is almost the same as human skin.C.Spending spare time with friends often benefits people a lot.C.It has fragile electronics.器D.It has proved important in areas like AI.D.Having little free time may result in anxiety.29.What can the new e-skin do?35.What is the passage mainly about?A.It can rapidly react to the touch.B.It can change humans'blood pressureA.The relationship between free time and happiness.B.The significance of money.C.It can heal the wounded skin quickly.D.It can adjust humans'temperature.C.The retirement life.D.The productive activities30.What does the underlined word "striking"in paragraph 5 probably mean?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）A.SlightB.NoticeableC.Well-known.D.Insignificant.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。31.What is the best title for the text?Each year many people move to the Sun Belt in the southern United States.36 No matter whereA.A Breakthrough in High TechnologyB.Man-made Skin ImprovedC.The Types of E-skinD.The Widespread Use of E-skinthese people come from or where they go,snowbirding is a great way to enjoy the best weather of thecountry and enjoy the wide variety of places.家How much free time do you need to be happier?Feeling overwhelmed by your to-do list can certainlyMost of the time people use the word "snowbird"to refer to a retiree that travels to warm placesmake you unhappy,but new research suggests that more free time might not be the elixir ()likeduring the winter months.However,snowbirding is certainly not limited to retirees.37 A largemany of us have dreamed.population of snowbirds usually choose California,Arizona,Florida and Texas,which have mild weather好Researchers found that people with more free time generally had higher levels of subjective well-beingduring the winter.()-but only up to a point.People who had up to two hours of free time a day generally reported they38 Some people like to travel in their RVs(recreational vehicles),others have a second home infelt better than those who had less time.But people who had five or more hours of free time a day generallythe location of their choosing.The second home provides all that a house can offer,but it doesn't allow thesaid they felt worse."While too little time is bad,having more time is not always better,"said Marissafreedom to explore.The RV travelers,however,can get to wherever they want.In an RV,snowbirds canSharif,an assistant professor of marketing at the Wharton School.For example,some adults struggle withchoose to set up a movable residence in one spot.They can also explore a wide variety of places.39the "retirement blues",which can be due to much free time.They conducted several smaller onlineFor those people that have the ability to leave their homes for a few months during the winter toexperiments.In one they asked participants to imagine having 3.5 to 7 free hours per day.They were askedexplore the southern areas,there are many benefits to have.40 By snowbirding,they can also escapeto imagine spending that time doing "productive"things (like exercising)or to imagine doingthe cold.While this may seem purely for comfort,it can be for health and safety reasons as well."unproductive"activities (like watching TV).A.Retired people,of course,will hate it.The participants believed their well-being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day-B.They choose to seek a warm and sunny climate.but only if they used it unproductively."In other words,how people use their free time matters,"SharifC.Many snowbirds travel in their RVs around the Sun Belt.said."Of course,what feelsproductive'is up to you.Free-time activities like knitting,reading,cookingD.They can build new friendships and communities over the years.or gaming are also known to put people in a state of flow.When people do find themselves with excessiveE.People of all ages have more freedom to spend months away now.()amounts of spare time,such as retirement or having left a job,our results suggest theseF.There are many ways people choose to accomplish their snowbirding.爵individuals would benefit from spending their new-found time with purpose.C.Whatever advantages or disadvantages,people will choose the way they like32.What is the finding of the new study?第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）A.Adults tend to feel happy in their free time.B.Being too busy threatens people's physical health第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）C.More free time does not definitely mean more happiness阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳D.More and more people have little spare time.选项。33.Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 2?Last summer,my 14-year-old daughter,Hannah,joined a volleyball league.Due to her excellentA.To emphasize the significance of spending free timeperformance,her coach 41 that we should transfer her to a better team.B.To indicate the reasons for adults'being upset.My wife and I 42 a little.We weren't sure whether Hannah would adapt well to a new teamC.To forecast the retirement life in the future.43,Hannah seemed quite determined.She thought that it would 44 her if she was on a strongerD.To prove the discovery of the new researchteam.So a month ago,she joined the team she desired.英语考向卷（七）第5页（共8页）英语考向卷（七）第6页（共8页）语

她们共同意识到，这是二○一九年的春天了。陆婧仿佛又闻 到了白丁香、紫丁香那一团团苦而甜的香气。 两人出了粥铺，天已经黑透，李花开要回“时代体育”，和陆婧 在此道别。陆婧望着眼前车的河流人的河流，意犹未尽地说，那年 我一气之下逃到北京，才知道偌大个北京不会安慰你的委屈。 可偌大个北京能够包容你的委屈。李花开接上陆婧的话。晚 风吹拂着她略微倾斜的身体，吹拂着她的短发，那样子实在很飒。 (选自铁凝《信使》，有删改) 相关链接 李花开答应陆婧的提议，肖恩写给陆婧的信从此寄往李家。 在一场无法正大光明的恋爱里，情书寄往当事人的单位是危险的， 李花开的家，那私房、独院在陆婧看来最是安全。后来，起子找陆 婧帮忙调动工作无果，拆信告密，肖恩和陆婧受到组织处分，陆婧

14.张居正建议免除百姓累年积欠的赋税的原因有哪些？请简要 概括。(3分) 答：

工人的体现，说明资产阶级缺乏人文关怀，B项正确；材料反映的是工厂的生产环境恶劣，并不是工业的社会环境恶劣，排除A项；电力是第二次工业革命的产物，排除C项；D项与材料主旨不符，排除。15.【答案】C【解析】由材料信息可知，巴尔干地区民族矛盾和大国之间的争夺矛盾不断加剧，表明巴尔干地区紧张局势日益升级，C项正确；A项从材料无法得出，排除；B、D两项均与史实不符，排除。16.【答案】D【解析】由材料信息可知，苏联支持东德修建柏林墙，但又强调“不得越雷池一步，绝对不能侵占西柏林的领土”，这表明苏联与西方在冷战对峙中既对抗又妥协的特征，D项正确；A项与材料主旨不符，排除；B、C两项均与史实不符，排除。二、非选择题：本大题共4小题，共52分。17.【答案】(1)特点：历史悠久；以中亚和西亚国家为主；交流作物品种多样；交流具有双向性。(6分，任答三点即可)(2)原因：新航路的开辟；中外经贸往来加强；政府的重视和推广；人口快速增长，人地矛盾加大。(2分，任答两点即可)影响：增加了粮食产量，促进了农业发展；促进了人口的增长，客观上有助于工商业的发展；一定程度上缓解社会危机，有利于社会的稳定；促进了土地开发，一定程度上破坏了生态环境。(6分，任答三点即可)【解析】第一问，根据材料“公元前3世界至16世纪”可以得出历史悠久；根据“伊朗、阿拉伯、中亚与西亚”等关键词可以得出以中亚和西亚地区为主；根据“桃、杏、茯苓、茶叶、肉桂、桑树、姜、枣、核桃”等信息可以得出品种多样；根据材料中物种传播的方向可以得出交流具有双向性。第二问，原因可以从中西两方面考虑：外部原因就是新航路的开辟、中外经贸交流；内部原因可以从政府的推广支持、中国人地矛盾突出等方面作答。影响可以从对农业发展、人口增长、社会稳定和生态环境等几个方面的影响作答。18.【答案】(1)背景：国民党发动全面内战，对解放区实行全面进攻；中国共产党领导人民开展解放战争；民主党派极力反对国民党独裁统治；国统区人民掀起人民民主运动；美帝国主义扶蒋反共。(6分，任答三点即可)(2)不同之处：第一届全国人民代表大会与会代表是在民主选举基础上产生的，具有广泛的代表性；制定的宪法具有民主主义和社会主义原则，体现了广大人民的意志。(6分)【解析】第一问，根据材料时间“1946年11月”，联系所学可知，当时正处于国共内战时期，国民党在美国的支持下，发动了对解放区的全面进攻，民主党派反对国民党一党独裁，国统区人民也发起民主运动。第二问，根据材料并结合所学可知，第一届全国人民代表大会是从全国各个阶层和单位选出人民代表，相比于国民党的“制宪国大”具有更广泛的代表性；第一次全国人民代表大会通过的《中华人民共和国宪法》具有【高三历史参考答案第3页（共4页）】24046C

答案示例：①以粉末状态存在( ②导致水溶性有效成分 流失③中药饮片中的粉尘（每处2分）

11,已知共价键的极性越强，该共价键在反应中越容易发生断裂。下列事实中不能用上4.淀粉聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂具有强大的吸水和保水能力，也是可生物降解的绿述观点解释的是色材料。一种合成聚丙烯酸钠的路线如下图所示，下列有关说法不正确的是A.C2HOH+HBr△，CHBr+H,OCH,CH2 COOHBr2/PBr,CH,CHBrCOOH一定条件反应①反应②CH2-CHCOONaB.CH,COOH+C,H.OH浓随酸CH,COOC,H,+H,O反应③ECH2-CHCOONaOH高吸水性树脂结构中有强亲水基团D.CH,CHO+HCN-定条件，CH,一CHCNB.CH2一CHCOONa中C原子杂化轨道类型有2种12.冠醚能与碱金属离子形成稳定的配合物，而使许多在传统条件下难以反应甚至不发C.反应①、③分别为取代反应、加聚反应生的反应能顺利地进行。15冠-5的结构如图所示，其空腔直径与部分碱金属离子D.反应②的条件为NaOH的乙醇溶液、加热直径数据如下表所示。下列有关15-冠-5的说法正确的是15.下列实验方案设计、现象和结论都正确的是冠醚冠醚空腔直径/pm粒子直径/pm实验目的方案设计现象和结论Li(152)向放有几小块电石的圆底烧瓶中逐滴加入若溶液褪色，则说15-冠-5170~220Na(204)A探究乙炔的氧化明乙炔可与酸性高反应适量饱和食盐水，将产生的气体直接通入K(276)酸性高锰酸钾溶液中锰酸钾溶液发生氧化反应A可用于识别NaB.与碱金属离子形成离子键向试管里加人2mL1氯丁烷和2mLC.只能发生取代反应D.所有原子共面B检验1氯丁烷中1mol/L NaOH溶液，水浴加热一段时间，若有白色沉淀产生，则说明1氯丁13.2021年，我国科学家在国际上首次实现了二氧化碳到淀粉的从头合成，这条新合成的氯元素静置。取少量水层液体于另一支试管中，加入几滴AgNO,溶液烷中含有氯元素途径为解决粮食等问题提供了重要的科学和技术策略，其具体过程可用下图简要表示。下列有关说法正确的是探究蔗糖是否属于向试管中加入1mL10%蔗糖溶液，再加若没有砖红色沉淀OH还原糖入过量10%H,SO,溶液后加热煮沸。经产生，则说明蔗糖冷却后加人新制备的Cu(OH):并加热不属于还原糖HO OH检验乙酰水杨酸向盛有2mL乙酰水杨酸水溶液的试管中淀粉若溶液显紫色，则0OPOD滴入2滴稀硫酸，加热。经冷却后滴入几说明乙酰水杨酸中太阳能电池滴NaHCO,溶液，振荡，再加入几滴FeCl人工光合成CH,OHHO-OH生物暗合成H0OH中的酯基有酯基溶液CHO、OHH.OA.反应①在获得H,的同时还释放能量B.反应②有极性键、非极性键的断裂与形成C.生物暗合成过程的温度越高越好D/锭粉发生水解反应时环状结构可能会断开【高二年级联合调研考试·化学第3页（共8页）】【高二年级联合调研考试·化学第4页（共8页）】