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B.0.1mol/LBOH溶液中cOH）S[H,O(g)]c口知CH,的燃烧热△H=-890.3kJ/mol,则CH4(g)+202(g)=C0,(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-890.3kJ/molD.500℃、30MPa下，将0.5molN,和1.5molH,置于密闭容器中充分反应生成NH,(g),放热19.3kJ,则其热化学方程式为N,(g)+3H,(g)、≥2NH,(g)△H=-38.6kJ/mol10.某同学设计实验探究酸碱中和反应中的能变化，下列说法正确的是()温度计、稀牡酸与利NOH溶液的混合液隔热层A，实验中温度计测量酸溶液温度后，可直接测量碱溶液的温度B.NaOH溶液分次加入到盐酸溶液中，可以减少实验误差C,实验巾，上下拉动玻璃搅拌器来混合溶液D,若用浓疏酸测定中和反应反应热（△H),则测定结果偏高11.下列事实能刑勒夏特列原理解释的是()A.Fe(SCN),溶液中加入固体KSCN后颜色变深B.1业合成氨选择500℃C.煅烧粉碎的疏铁矿有利于SO,生成D.SO,氣化生成SO,时使用催化剂12.处理氮氧化物(NOx)的反应4NH,(g)+6NO(g)=5N2(g)+6H,O(g)△H=-1815kJ·moI,可用

2022-2023学年度上学期八校期中考试化学参考答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.B16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.(共10分)(1)2Fe3+3C10+100Hr=2Fe0:+3CIr+5H2001m125a(3)2.8(4)84b-53a3la(5)+322.(共13分)(1)放热(1分)NH(aq)+20,(g)=N0,(aq)+2Hr(aq)+H00)△H,=-346kJ/mol(2)369(3)②③④(4)非金属元素形成的气态氢化物稳定性越强，其△H越小H2S(g)=S(s)+H2(g)AH=+20 kJmol(5)60nNa/m23(共13分)(1)球形冷凝管(1分)衡压强，使漏斗内的液体顺利流下(2)2C10,+H,C,0,+2H=2CI0,↑+C0,↑+2H,0(3)5CI0,+4H=4C10,↑+Cr+2H,0(4)防止草酸分解水浴加热(5)b24.(共14分)()增大接触面积，加快打浆速率并提高原料利用率(2)2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca(CIO)2+CaCl2+2H2O使氯气被氢氧化钙充分吸收而反应，可以提高氯气转化率(3)CaCO3 Ca(OH)2

是（填“放热”或“吸热”）过程。(3)将一定量的NO2充入注射器中后封口，如图是在拉伸和压缩注射器的过程中气体透光率随时间的变化（气体颜色越深，透光率越小）。透光*%70165604540时间/s①b点的操作是注射器（填“压缩”或“拉伸”）。②c点与a点相比，cNO2),cN204)(填“增大”或“减小”)。③若不忽略体系温度变化，且没有能量损失，则温度T。T。(填“>”、“”、“=”或“

(详0分第gc和D四个项19-year-old32.000and firsttoan分分0分)分30分满分vour bags and goompletingand【remember being in加5g部分Research力原文)their breakfast added0mye（Cra事一部分It might seem like a pain but doing a little research can be theenergy from utilities because there isn't enoughsthey buy renewabldiferne eweenuplant surviving and thriving oingca't wait to do it again!much snlig the pn needs how often to water it.and ifrequires any special care can helpyou tobe a god plantper41.A.smoothlyB.y2negycertificatestht i that the4气.AB.0g7虎最佳选nergy projects somewhere.Those projects caned anywhere,nCB.i域rtificates have beenso forso cheap thatthdonTomuch water ean drown the plant.Not wateringyourpant4约.A-rCC.红44.A.presentB.noteC.bodklead to more renewable energy production.Facehook also relies oflopbheecemi6csbneCnmgemowsupport the construction of new solar and wind evelopmentsncan cusdry out and die very quickly.You'd better 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Love53.A.decoratedB.emptyC.packed54.A.lainB.loadedC.seatedthe site,including oe famous caseof FaceboafaseB.plants need watering every dayC.Create a Watering Schedule55.A.sonB.daughterC.dograting that its fact-checkers gave based on inaccurate information.D.what temperature it does best in56.A.defenselessB.tirelessC.carele32.What achievement did Facebook gain recently?E.Now my plants are thriving more than everB.fullC.normaA.It totally used solar and wind energy for its operations.B.It cut down its climate pollution more than planned.F.Like taking on any major project,it's best to start simply57.A.availableC.shoesC.It reached its goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions.G.Here are some tips to take on house plants when you do not have a green thumb58.A.shortsB.gloves59.A.waitressB.childC.custD.It invested a new renewable energy project.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)60.A.endB.startC.story33.How do the experts respond to the renewable energy certificate?A.They pay little attention to it.阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中第Ⅱ卷选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。第三部分英语知识运用B.They have become bored with it.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分C.They think it is a waste of money.My 13-year-old son and I had quite the adventure this moming!Wefrequently passed by a 41 landscaped yard with a nice little flower阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适D.They think it brings little actual benefit.34.What does the underlined word"festered"in Paragraph 4 mean?garden.I wanted to 42 my thanks for the time and effort put in by the确形式。A.Recognized.B.Exchanged.C.Worsened.D.Decreased.43,but I've never seen him or her,so we went to a local grocery and"Multiple measures have been taken tos35.Which can be the best title for the text?bought a gift card that would leave with a 44 and a smile card thea Ministry of Natural Resources officiaA.Facebook hit several key climate goalsnext time that I passed by.conference on Monday.B.Take action to prevent climate changeWe also ran to Walmart and 45 a few $10 gift cards along withTogether ith the Ministry of AgricuC.Renewable energy is mankind's hopesome note cards and our other 46.While we were putting our thingsministry released two notices in July.OnD.Say no to greenhouse gas emissionsaway in the car,my son 47 that a lady that had just parked next to usfimmland62 real estate(地产)project第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）looked a little 48.As soon as she entered the 49,we grabbed a(sure)reasonable land use for housing cor根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选note card,made a note 50,and added a gift card for her to find whenSince the release of the two notices,s项。选项中有两项为多余选项。she got back to her 51,hoping to comfort her feelings.public awareness about the legal use of famWhen my friend offered me a spider plant sprout(吊兰)，I decided toAfter that,we went for a(n)52 breakfast.The restaurant was65(program)or online films in local ditry something I'd never done before:commit to becoming a plant person.pretty 53 and the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busyInspections and law enforcement(执t行After 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全卷满分1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、考号等填写在武题巷州合题下工，十守作注意事项：2.选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题日的答案标答题卡上的指定位置在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题斯和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）如第一节共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每目听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中道项。遍X.Whep does the rainyseasonFebruary.C.(In NovemberA.In January.B.HC.What's wrohg with the man's food?.t'shotB.It's saltyC.t's tasteless.owAWha is Jennifolearning in schookA.To make sculpegres.B.To take pictures.盈d.器hcmfinished decorating?A.The livinggoom.痴B.The bathrgom.C.The kitchen.Where are ithe speakers?A.At a hospital.B.In a clasgroom.C.At a ball field.第二节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒原小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题，6Wheve does Sam suggest going?馆a theater B.To avrestauranC.To a coffee shopHowdoes Rita feel about the plan?A.Excited.B.Indifferent.听第段材料，回答第89题C.Wha)will Clarhelp Annie do'A.Clean her apartmentB.Wather plants.C.Feher dog.willClark go to Annie's house?A.On.B.On Thursdayc-day五

影响：加强了中央对地方的控制（中央集权）；巩固了国家统一（促进统一多民族国家的发展）；有利于经济的发展和社会的进步。（任答2点得4分）20.(14分)(1)不同：英国文官强调通才，美国文官强调专才；(2分)原因：英国受中国科举制影响较大；美国官僚政治传统影响较小。(2分)不同：英国文官政治活动严重受限，美国文官政治活动相对宽松。(2分)原因：英国是议会制国家，美国是总统制国家。(2分)(2)特点：坚持党的领导（党管干部）；没有“政务官”与事务官“的区分（公务员可以从事政治活动)；强调德才兼备；形成淘汰机制。(4分)认识：制度建设应符合本国国情；制度建设可以借鉴别国的优秀成果。(2分)

材料有布罗图地中海示意图以“陆地之间”海而著称的地中海被冠以多种称呼：“伟大的海”、“堕落的海”、“智慧之海”、“贸易之海”等，不同的称呼反映了人们对地中海历史的不同理解。围绕历史上的地中海世界，选择某一称呼或者自拟一个称呼，并运用世界史具体史实，予以论述。（要求：以称呼为题，论证充分，史实准确，表述清晰)【答案】根据具体史实选择一个称呼进行论述。比如选择“伟大的海”，可结合罗马的扩张以及罗马帝国的建立与发展，以及罗马法从十二铜表法发展到民法大全的历程等史实展开论述；选择“堕落的海”，可结合西罗马帝国灭亡后的中世纪的相关历史史实展开论述，即欧洲封君封臣制、基督教会的统治、罗马教皇、宗教战净、十字军东征、赎罪券等史实展开论述；选择“智慧之海”，主要以人文主义这一线索展开，可结合古希腊智者学派、苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里斯多德，以及近代欧洲文艺复兴、宗教改革以及近代科学的兴起等相关史实进行论述；选择“贸易之海”，可结合古希腊的对外贸易繁荣，罗马帝国的扩展促进了贸易的发展，连接欧亚大陆古代丝绸之路，以及新航路开辟等相关史实展开论述。43.阅读材料，完成下列要求。（12分)晚清时期的郭刘之辩光绪元年（1875年)，清政府向各方征集兴办洋务“求强”的意见、方法与谋略。时任地方官员的郭嵩焘积极响应，把自己的主张和观点写成《条陈海防事宜》上奏，同时把奏折给同僚刘锡鸿看，请他评论。刘锡鸿也把此事记录了下来。嵩焘窃谓西洋立国有本有未，其本在朝廷政策，其未在商贾。造船、制器，相辅以益其强，.（洋人)以保护商贾为心，故能资商贾之力以养兵..（西方各国的轮船、铁路等，主要是商人制造，经济实力在商人而不在国主政策起着调控作用)是以国家大政，商贾无不与闻者。郭嵩焘《条议海防事宜》折洋人之商贾与闻政，官商相保卫，资商力以养兵，非其法较中国为善也，情形迥不侔也。中国天下为家，已更数干载，政令统于一尊，财富归诸一人，尊卑贵贱体制殊严，士农工商品流各派。涣汗（帝王的圣旨、号令）领而八方罔不承听，矧（况且)其在逐末之人何得妄参国是..…夷狄之道未可施诸中国也。.…使富商大贾视官宦如帝天，偶一盼睐便可以为至荣极宠，斯匍匐以献其财力而惟恐不纳矣。一刘锡鸿《论时事书偶笔》(1)根据以上材料，概况两人观点差异的主要表现。（6分)(2)综合上述材料，简述从郭刘之辩中如何认识史料的历史价值？（6分)【答案】(1)①郭嵩焘表现出学西方的开放心态，认识西方的强大，“其本在朝廷政策，其末在商贾。造船、制器，相辅以益其强”；刘锡鸿表现出反对学西方的保守心态和自大心理，“非其法较中国为善也”“夷狄之道未可施诸中国也”(3分)。②两人对待商人的态度不同：郭认为要重视和保护商贾，“国家大政，商贾无不与闻”；刘认为要

两式相加得m十2=0，即m=一2，…4分所以1十2十n=0,即n=-3。…5分(2)由(1)得x2-2x-3=(x-3)(x十1)=0，得x=3或-1，所以A={-1,3}.…7分由(1)得x2-3x-4=(x-4)(x+1)=0,得x=4或-1，所以B={-1,4}.…9分故AUB={-1,3,4}.…10分18.解：(1)由题意得f(0)=0,……1分当x>0时，-x0,所以f(x)=〈0，x=0,…6分(-x2-√/-x+2,x0,得x吃-x1>0,√x2-√/1>0，…11分所以f(x2)一f(1)>0,即f(x2)>f(x1).故f(x)在(0，十o∞)上单调递增.…12分19.解：(1)因为实数a,b满足a2+46=32,所以32=a2十4b≥4ab,…2分得ab8,……3分当且仅当a2=4,即u=2b=4时，等号成立，4分故=8.……5分(2)由(1)知，y2-x2=8,由2x十y=5,得y=5-2x,代入y2-x2=8,得(5-2x)2-x2=8,…7分整理得3x2-20x十17=0，…8分即(3x-1)(x-1）=0,解得x-号或x=1.…10分当x=号时y=号当=1时0y=8故所求方红的解年为(13》.0时，符合题意；…2分当a

(12分)己知函数f(x)=x2-alnx.(1)若曲线y=f(x)在x=1处的切线方程为y=x,求实数a的值，(2)若对任意的x∈[1，十o∞)，f(x)≥0恒成立，求实数a的取值范围..(12分)路电动车给人们日常短途出行带来了极大的便利.现有某品牌的电动车，逆风行驶时所消耗的电能为y(单位：千瓦)，（单位：千米/小时）为电动车在无风状态下行驶的速度，（单位：小些时)为行驶时间，k(k>0)为常数，n为电能次级数，它们之间的关系是n=logy一log(kt).如果风速为4千米/小时，电动车在逆风中行驶20千米.(1)用v,k,n表示y;蹄(2)若n=2,当v的值为多少时，y取得最小值？烟咳霄12分)已知函数f(x)=a(lnx-1)-x.1)若f(x)的最大值为a(a>0),求a;2)若存在λER,使得函数(x)=xf(x)一A有3个零点，求a的取值范围.