28.(13分)(1)①2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2A CaCk+2NHat+2H20高温、高压②2+3H2催化剂2NH3降低3光照③2N2+6H204NH3+3O244.8LDH(2)①3NO2+H20=2NO3+NO或4NO2+2H20+O2=4HNO3②NH3或NH3·HO或NH4)2CO3/NH4HCO3(3)8.029.(14分)(1)①Fe3+2 Cl2 +2Fe2+=2Fe3++2Cl③b(2)SCN厂中S为-2价，具有还原性，被Cl2氧化无明显现象(3)①b②33.6%30.(12分)(1)<(2)②(3)2Mn(OH2+1O2==2MnO2+2H2O(4)①二价锰化合物在中性或弱酸性条件下只能被氧化到MO2(5)1 2NaOH+Cl2 ==NaCl+NaC1O+H2O②4MmO4+4OH==4MnO42.+O2↑+2H20 NaCIO③浓碱条件下，MnO可被OH还原为nO:;NaClo的氧化性随碱性增强而减弱。高温、高压檀高压高压高压

种类以及翻译的起始和终止。C选项错误。tRNA解析：非同源染色体自由组合，可以使非同源染色体和rRNA参与蛋白质的合成过程，但是这两种RNA上的非等位基因自由组合，但不能使同源染色体上本身不会翻译为蛋白质，D选项正确。的非等位基因自由组合。B选项错误。18.答案：A22.答案：A解析：两种水稻bZP73基因中1个碱基对的差异，解析：在减数第一次分裂过程中，同源染色体分离，是由于发生了碱基对的替换导致的，A选项正确。并分别进入两个子细胞，使得每个次级精母细胞只两种水稻bZIP73蛋白质中1个氨基酸的差异是由得到初级精母细胞中染色体总数的一半。因此，减于基因不同，表达出来的蛋白质不同，根本原因是基数分裂过程中染色体数目的减半发生在减数第一次因突变。B选项错误。基因突变具有低频性和不定分裂。A选项正确。减数第一次分裂与减数第二次向性，用紫外线或X射线多次处理萌发的粳稻种子，分裂之间通常没有间期，或者间期时间很短，染色体也不一定能得到籼稻。C选项错误。基因的碱基序不再复制。B选项错误。一个精原细胞经减数分裂列改变，表达的蛋白质不一定会失去活性。D选项形成四个精细胞，如果未发生交叉互换，这四个精细错误。胞可分为2种，两两相同；如果发生了交叉互换，则19.答案：A四个精细胞各不一样。C选项错误。精细胞变形为解析：DNA连接酶能连接用同种限制酶切开的两条精子，会丢弃大部分的细胞质及多数细胞器，但全部DNA片段，重新形成磷酸二酯键，A选项正确。利线粒体被保留下来，并集中在精子的尾部。细胞核会集中在精子的头部。D选项错误。用X射线、紫外线照射青霉菌，最终获得高产菌株，23.答案：C这是以基因突变为原理的诱变育种方法的应用。解析：受精作用是卵细胞和精子相互识别、融合成为B选项错误。在人体细胞和大肠杆菌细胞中，人胰岛受精卵的过程。卵细胞和精子的相互识别，体现了素基因表达的环境确有差异，但由于两个表达过程细胞膜的信息交流功能。而精子和卵细胞的融合，均遵循同一个密码子表，所以表达产物是相同的。则体现了细胞膜具有定的流动性。但受精卵中的转基因大肠杆菌生产出来的人胰岛素是安全的。遗传物质并非一半来自父方，一半来自母方。受精C选项错误。食用的转基因食品经过消化系统的消卵细胞核中的遗传物质，的确是一半来自父方，一半化后，并不会导致相关基因进人人体细胞。D选项来自母方。但细胞质中的遗传物质，几乎全部来自错误。于母方。A选项错误。非同源染色体自由组合，发20.答案：D生在减数第一次分裂，并不会出现在受精作用过程解析：近亲带有相同隐性遗传致病基因的可能性较中。B选项错误。减数分裂使配子中的染色体数目大，禁止近亲结婚可以有效降低隐性遗传病的发病减半，而受精作用使受精卵中的染色体数目又恢复率；但通过遗传咨询，难以确定胎儿是否患21三体到了体细胞中的数目，减数分裂和受精作用保证了综合征。咨询的过程中，首先要根据家庭患病情况每种生物前后代染色体数目的恒定，维持了有性生调查，分析出了遗传病的传递方式，才能推算出后代殖遗传的稳定性。C选项正确。基因重组是指生物的再发风险率。21三体综合征是由于亲代减数分裂体进行有性生殖的过程中，控制不同性状的基因的形成配子的过程中，21号染色体未正常分离导致的。重新组合。共有两种类型的基因重组：一种类型是21号染色体是否正常分离，则是随机事件，难以推测在减数第一次分裂后期，非同源染色体自由组合，非确定。D选项错误。同源染色体上的非等位基因也自由组合；另一种类21.答案：B型的基因重组发生在减数分裂形成四分体时期，位生物参考答案第3页（共8页）

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H.COCOOHH.COCOOCH(4)H.CO和里醇发生反应生成C,C是OCH18.(1)①-1625.8(2分)H.COOCH②NO与O2反应生成NO,而NO2氧化性更强更易与NH反应（或其他合理答案，2分】(2)氧气浓度过高时，O、SO2和N0分子会产生竞争吸附的局势，当O2分子占据催化剂过多活性位时，剩余的SO2、NO分子就不能很好地被吸附，导致脱硫、脱硝率下降（或其他合理答案，2分)(3)①A(1分)②AB(2分)4③80(2分)：3.2(2分)④催化剂能加快反应速率，单位时间内茂度餐稳率增大人2分)《解析本题主要考查化学反应原瑰考查学焦对化学反应原理的理解能力和综合运用知识的能力。(1)①由盖斯定律可得，反应【一反度Ⅱ4可得趣中燃化学方程式。(3)①催化剂能加快反应速率，则徭花剂的效象越撕，透到衡所用的时间越短，根据表中数据，使用催化剂A时反应达到篱實用辩间题短。②(NO):c(CO》=1:1不能说明反应物、生藏物的继度保持不变，C项不符合题意：混合气体的总质量不变，该容器恒容，总体积不变，即混合气体的密度-直不变D项不符合题意」。③在恒容的密闭容器中，压强之比等于物质的量之比：2NO(g)+2C0(g)-N2(g)+2CO2(g)初始。00转化0.52x衡72℃花-“C、0.5x2n:(2m-0.5x)=100,0:80.0,则c=0.8m,C0的衡转化率-0,8mX100%=80%,2NO(g)2C0(g)=-=N2(g)+2C02(g)初始00转化0.8n0.8n0,4z0.8n衡0.2n0.2m0.420.8n0.4n×80×0.8mX802K一11.6n1.6n0.2nX80y2X(0.2nX802=3.2(kPa1)。1.621.6n④汽车尾气排气管中使用催化剂可以提高污染物的转化率，其原因是排气管是敞口容器，管中进行的反应为非衡态，该非衡条件下，反应速率越快，相同时问内污染物的转化率越高。【高三化学·参考答案第4页{共4页)】578℃·HUN·

大秘密启用前重庆市2022-2023学年（下)6月月度质量检测高二化学答案及评分标准1.C2.D3.D4.B5.c6.C7.C8.C9.C【详解】A.酸碱中和优先反应，碳酸钠与二氧化碳、水能反应生成碳酸氢钠，故H先与CO?反应生成HCO,再与HCO?反应生成二氧化碳和水，故与盐酸反应的顺序是：OH、CO}、HCO,A项错误；B.氧化性：Br,>Fe+>I2,则还原性：【>Fe2+>Br,氯气先与还原性强的离子反应，则氯气的氧化顺序是：厂、Fe2+、Br,B项错误；C.Fe3+与Zn反应生成Fe2+和Zn2+,生成的Fe2+能和Zn反应生成Fe和Zn2+,氧化性：Fe3+>Cu2+>Ht>Fe2+,锌粉先与氧化性强的离子反应，则反应顺序是：Fe3+、Cu2+、H+、Fe2+,C项正确；D.由于碳酸钾和氢氧化钡不能共存，故二氧化碳先和氢氧化钡反应生成碳酸钡，再和氢氧化钾反应生成碳酸钾，之后二氧化碳再和碳酸钾反应生成碳酸氢钾，再和碳酸钡反应生成碳酸氢钡，则反应顺序是：B(OH)2、KOH、K2CO3、BaCO3,D项错误；答案选C。10.D【分析】根据方程式：F3O4+4H2SO4=FeSO4+Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O,计算四氧化三铁和硫酸的反应情况，得出生成的亚铁离子的量，加入K2Cr2O,溶液使溶液中Fe2+全部转化为Fe3+,根据电子守恒计算K2Cr2O7的物质的量，进而计算K2C2O,溶液的物质的量浓度。11.B【详解】A.升高温度，化学衡逆向移动，NO2的体积分数增大，Y点NO2的体积分数小，则TY,B正确；C.X、Z两点温度相同，但压强不同，NO2为红棕色气体，增大压强，衡右移，但是气体的体积变小，浓度增大的影响较大，气体的颜色加深，则X、Z两点气体的颜色：X浅，Z深，C错误；D.X、Z两点都在等温线上，X的压强小，增大压强，化学衡正向移动，Z点时气体的物质的量小，则均相对分子质量变大，即均相对分子质量：X

Scientists are estimating the area covered by these green so第三丽分酒言知识运用（共两节，满分5分）第一节（共0小题，每小题1.8分，满分30分）图读下面短之，从短文后各脑所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，承人自处脚ad luncth Cyhmestdent of meT佳津项。ike this is Merit Vegetarian(素食者).1 t's a good2o、ar0dryone I've brought there has loved it.With the first raAsI was waiting for Cynthia,I 43 a woman sying hehch the pay for something.When she stepped outsidetiret)a great marofferd o pay her bll I that it was just for a pieceof ckee and n eoIn a video sentoneV.snc&the Chinese peopI thoughr had done a(n)deed.Cynthia and ereMeanwhile,Chwaiter in the restaurant,51 us.He explained that the 52 had paidss the country trch,including the piece of cake.Iknew my53rbor great confideGina (CPC),theWhen we were getting ready to54 I asked Cynthia topik第四部分写作（共cokeep the jourey of55 going.She found they a k身一节短文改错lderad d”to pay orTe假定英语课上58anything like this before.命处语言错误，每either.增加：在缺词处I've witnessed so much60Cynthia agreed that she'd neverhto myself as well as others.A.disasters,交戏and kindness.I'm glad I have bround happiness别除，把多余自修改：在错的司注意：1.每处B.events报nB.tradeC.acciden头2.只允1b.nations点诉Good manner3.A,overflowedB.overlookedC.vegetableC.overplayedD.spirit.A waterB.readyC.paperD.overheardpeet for others.43.A.captainB.stuffC.waiterD.salthow/develop goo26.A.took inB.got downD.competitorA.librarianB.cashier银aC.broke upD.turned outschool.Second.surprisedC.conductorD.scholarB.annoyed19.A.evilC.exhaustedD.scaredB.foolishmportantly,it i50 A.preparingC.goodD.naughtyB.orderingim porttD.enjoyingwinl live in harmA.approachedC.performingDA.colleaguesB.opposedC.surroundedD.balancedB.customersC.managersD.passengersIn summary53.A.wildB.mild他C.renewable:种D.random和A leave第二节书面表A.boredomB.runC.eatD.arriveC.lonelinessD.eagerness假定你是(A.forbiddingB.kindnessD.invitingB.strikingC.deserving篇演讲稿，内fA.agreedD.refused1.奥运精C为.A.forgotB.hesitatedC.intendedD.seen9A.experiencedB.reservedC.exhibitedD.contributed2.奥运精B.ignoredC.completedD.curiosity3.奥运精60.A.achievementB.amusementC.generosity注意第二节供10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分1,词数10阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形气，mming with wishes and2.可适当raised across the country,in schools,snow-cappedmountains.Hong Kong Special,2-03-383C.【高三英语第7页（共8页】

邮发代号：21-104三年级北师大教材nglish英语围轴相关产品介绍了更好地服务广大师生，报》为大家准备了形式高三新课程容丰富、难度各异的产Weekly本报在全国教辅类报纸出版质量综合评估中名列前茅2021-2022学年第4山西师范大学主管山西师大教育科技传媒集团主办英语周报社编辑出版社长：徐文伟总编辑：刘永俊国内统一刊号：CN14-0705D网址：htp:www.ew.c0m口总第3596期2021.7.23星期五的%HORIZON宗合版分为A版对课本进题语篇、单、阅读与写B版B1-B3化试卷形称标准化力的学生Bamboo Eye了提供单化试题主题语境：练。人与自然自然生态为A版分A沙Paw0月★★★☆☆Words:about 370 Time:4.5 minutes严选materials in cities and changed题分Completed for the 2019our mindset,then it would be

安生用八书名师导学·选择性考试第一轮总复·化学形分子，属于非极性分子，A正确；干冰易升华，与镁粉发生氧化还原反金属的化学性质，A正确；作为合金，Al65Cu23Fe12中三种金属的化合价应，B正确；干冰为固体二氧化碳，分子间和分子内均不存在氢健，且氢均可视为0价，1 mol Al6sCu23Fe12溶于过量的稀硝酸时共失去277mol}键不属于化学健，C错误；根据实验现象可知，镁粉与二氧化碳在一定条电子（因为稀硝酸过量，每个铁原子失去3个电子），B正确，D错误。件下可发生反应生成氧化镁和碳，D正确。【应用提升】4.A[解析]NH中心氦原子sp杂化，有一对孤电子对，由于孤电子1.(1)×(2)/(3)X(4)×(5)/对的斥力，为三角锥形，键角约为107°，而BF3中心原子sp2杂化，无2.B[解析]由分子构成的晶体，分子与分子之问以分子何作用力相孤电子对，为面三角形，键角为120°，故键角：NH3H2S>CH心，数目为8X分+6×分=4，即每个晶胞均占有4个Ca2+,B正确：(3)六(4)AD碳碳键被两个碳原子共有，每个碳原子形成4条共价键，即均1mol(5)化合物Ⅲ碳原子形成4X号=2m0l碳残键，碳原子与碳碳键的个数比为1：2，C[解析](2)H2S、CH4、H2O均为分子晶体，H2O分子间存在氢键，沸点正确；该气态团集分子不是晶胞，分子式为E4F4或F:E4,D错误。较高，H2S、CH:的分子间范德华力随相对分子质量增大而增加，因此沸5.C[解析]金属能导电是因为自由电子在外电场作用下做定向运点由高到低顺序为H2O>H2S>CH4。动，A错误；金属能导热是因为自由电子在热的作用下与金属阳离子碰(4)I中S的价层电子对数为4，因此S采取sp3杂化，A正确；Ⅱ中含有撞，从而发生热的传导，B错误；合金与纯金属相比，由于增加了不同的的元素为H、C、O、S、Hg,5种元素中电负性最大的为O,B错误；Ⅲ中C金属或非金属，相当于填补了金属阳离子之间的空隙，所以延展性减小，成键均为单键，C采取sp3杂化，所以C一C一C键角接近109°28，C错硬度增大，D错误。误；Ⅲ中存在C-H、CC、C-S、S=O、S-O、S-H共价键和6.(1)SiNsp3杂化CHz-SH(2)共价晶体共价键N原子半径小于Si,所以N一Si键长比Si一SCH一SH与Na+之间的离子链，D正确；W中硫氧键分别为硫氧单短，键能大CH2-SO万(3)①②④⑤键和硫氧双镀，健能不相等，E错误。[解析](1)因为N和Si分别要形成3个与4个共价键，所以氨化硅的(5)I中羟基能与水分子之间形成分子间氢键，Ⅲ为易溶于水的钠挂化学式为SiN4:二者的价层电子对数均为4，所以均采取sp3杂化。(2)因为氨化硅的硬度极大，所以它属于共价晶体，晶体中存在的作用力第3讲·晶体结构与性质是共价键，由于N半径比S小，所以键长短，链能大，硬度大。(3)S3N为共价晶体，其性质为硬度大、熔点高，又因它是由原子以共知识点一晶体的常识和常见晶体性质价键形成的晶体，所以不存在单个分子，且为空间网状结构。【必备知识】知识点二常见晶体模型与晶胞计算1.(1)金属(2)塑晶态液晶态2.(1)周期性有序无序有无固定不固定各向异性【必备知识】各向同性1.10顶角8面心43.原子阴、阳离子分子共价键金属键离子键范德华力②Na+C-44很大很大很小较小很高很高很低较高较低③224884.(1)①共价晶体离子晶体分子品体2.(1)X射线衍射仪电子分立的斑点明锐的衍射蜂(2)②多小强高>>>(2)形状和大小对称类型数目位置相互关系③小短大高.>>(3)位置（坐标）距离键长键角空间结构④a大高高>>>b.大高>3.(1)①12②42【典题引路】(2)①4六2②42十二Si4例】C[解析]SiH中Si的化合价为+4价，CH4中C的化合价为(3)①66644一4价，C与S同主族，同主族元素从上到下，非金属元套的电负性减(4)①分子共价金属离子②b.Na20Al2O3SiO2小，原子半径增大，失电子能力增强；氢化物还原性增强，则还原性SiH(5)②a.面六元并环结构b.范德华力③混合晶体④很高·易>CH。(6)①金属阳离子自由电子例2B[解析]金刚石中碳原子sp3杂化，键角109°28'，石墨烯中碳②价电子所有金属原子原子sp2杂化，键角120°，A错误；SiH4、SiC4均为正四面体结构，结构③相对滑动排列方式电子气对称，正负电荷中心重合，Si一H、SiC!均为极性键，所以均是由极性4.(1)分子间作用力键构成的非极性分子，B正确；锗是32号元素，绪原子核外有32个电(2)①盐类②气态氢化物非金属氧化物④金属合金子，根据构造原理知基态锗原子核外电子操布式为1s22s22p53s23p53d10【典题引路】4s24p2或[Ar]3d1o4s24p2,C错误；第VA族的C和Si元素的单质的晶例1①KFe2Se体类型不一定相同，C元素的单质有共价晶体，如金刚石，也有混合晶②4体，如石墨，S单质为共价晶体，其他元素的单质为金属晶体，D错误。例3D[解析]根据题意，该准晶具有合金的某些优良物理性能，因®瓷，装709此其硬度可能比金属AI、Cu、FE都大，C正确；合金中各成分仍保持纯[解析]①由面投影图可知，晶胞中位于顶点和体心的钾原子个数为610

大一轮复学案化学度之和大于0.7mmol·L,故C错误；实验室配制500mL积大于2L,所得NaCl溶液物质的量浓度小于0.1mol·L,故C0.2mol·L‘的MgS0溶液时，必须用到的玻璃仪器有玻璃棒、烧错误：配制480mL0.2mol·L'Na0H溶液，需使用500mL容量杯胶头滴管和500mL容量瓶，故D错误。瓶，需称量Na0H固体的质量为0.5L×0.2mol·L×40g·mol=7B标准状况下，水不是气体，不能用气体摩尔体积计算，A错误4.0g,故D错误。22g常温常压下，2gC0,的物质的量是4/。=0.5mol,则所含的11.C氯气和足量铁反应生成氯化铁，转移电子数目依据反应的氯分子数目为0.5N、,B正确：没有给出溶液的体积，不能计算Na的气的量计算，标准状况下，2,24LCL,的物质的量为24/m数目，C错误；1mol重水(D,0)中所含中子的物质的量为10mol,0.1mol,则反应转移电子的数目为0.2W,故A错误；100gH,S01mol水(H,0)中所含中子的物质的量为8mol,二者中子数目之比为5：4，D错误。溶液中H,S0,质量为100gx9.8%=9.3g,物质的量为g8g。8.B量简不能用来配制溶液，应用烧杯配制，A项错误；1.5N、个硫0.1mol,0.1molH,S0,中含有的氢原子数目为0.1mol×2×酸根离子的物质的量为1.5mol,N,个金属阳离子的物质的量为Nmol=0.2Na,由于溶液中还含有H,0,则氢原子数目大于1mol,令金属元素的化合价为x,根据溶液呈电中性可知，x=1.5×0.2N.,故B错误；1mol4C0气体分子中含有的中子数目为2=3,所以该硫酸盐可以表示为M,(S0,)1,根据原子守恒可知，硫1mol×[(14-6)+(18-8)]×Nmol=18N,故C正确；一个氢氧酸盐的物质的量为0.5m0l,该硫酸盐的物质的量浓度为°5m0化铁胶粒是多个氢氧化铁的聚集体，故用含0.1 mol FeCl,的饱和0.2L溶液制得的氢氧化铁胶体中胶粒数目小于0.1N,故D错误。2.5mol·L1,B项正确：容量瓶没有950mL规格，应用1000mL12.B蒸发掉原溶液质量一半的水后，溶液中溶质的质量分数变为的容量瓶进行配制，则m(Na,C0,)=cVM=1L×2.0mol·L×2a%,设溶质质量分数为a%的H,S0,溶液的密度为p,g/mL,蒸106g·mol1=212g,C项错误：溶解后需要冷却至室温再进行转发后溶液的密度为p,g/mL,根据物质的量浓度与溶液密度、溶质移，D项错误。质量分数的关系c=100p可得，，=1000p,a%01.26.02x10或N(2)0.15(3)13:8(41moM981000p2×2a%1600W98,得c1：c2=p,:2p2,H,S0,溶液的浓度越大密度越9W+258(5)0.672L10大，P,2c1。解析(1)标准状况下32gS0,的体积为32名13.(1)AC烧杯、玻璃棒(2)BCD(3)①4.0②<③>64 g/mol×22.4L/mol=(4)①13.6②151.2L,N(0)=2N(S0,)=2×32g×N mol=N。(2)根据解析(1)配制480mL0.2mol·LNa0H溶液和500mL0.5mol·64 g/mol3N(NH)=4W(CH,),则有3×1.204×10=4n(CH)×6.02×LH,S0,溶液，均需要使用500mL的容量瓶。配制溶液时题图中不需使用的仪器序号是AC;配制题给溶液还需使用的玻璃仪102mol,解得n(CH,)=0.15mol。(3)标准状况下，某C0,和H2器有烧杯、玻璃棒。(2)容量瓶用蒸馏水洗净后，不能再用待配混合气体的密度为1.25g/L,混合气体的均摩尔质量是1.25g/L×溶液润洗，否则会导致配制溶液浓度偏高，B错误；定容时，将蒸22.4/mol=28g/mol,设C02和H2的物质的量分别是xmol、馏水小心通过玻璃棒引流至容量瓶中，待液面距离刻度线1~ym,2-28,解得号号.则棍合气体中C0,和其的体积之2cm时，改用胶头滴管滴加至凹液面与刻度线齐，C错误：配制x+y比为13：8。(4)Wg胆矾(CS0,·5H,0)中硫酸铜的物质的量溶液时，如果试样是液体，用量筒量取试样后应该先在烧杯中进nCs0,产2动场ml,溶液的体积="+ym1g/nL.行稀释，待溶液恢复至室温后，再通过玻璃棒引流转移至容量瓶p g/mL中进行定容，D错误。(3)①实验室中没有480mL的容量瓶，应W该使用500mL的容量瓶，配制500mL0.2mol·L-的Na0H溶液，W+V250 mol4WpNa0H的物质的量n(Na0H)=0.2mol·L'×0.5L=0.1mol,则需mL,溶液的物质的量浓度为W+Vmol/L;pW+V×10-3LNa0H的质量m(Na0H)=0.1mol×40g·mol=4.0g。②若NaOH溶液在转移至容量瓶时，洒落了少许，会导致溶质损失，从160W而所得溶液浓度偏低，溶液浓度小于0.2mol·L'.③Na0H固体S g250(100+S)g(W+V)g'则该温度下，CuS0,的溶解度为1600严W+258。溶于水会放出大量的热，而容量瓶配制溶液的温度是室温，因此若NaOH固体溶解后立即移入容量瓶，当溶液恢复至室温后，液面(5)所用盐酸的物质的量浓度为100x1.20x36.5%mol/L低于刻度线，溶液体积偏小，溶质的物质的量不变，所得溶液浓度大36.5于0.2mol·L。(4)①溶质质量分数为98%、密度为1.84g·cm3的12mo/L;根据Na,C0,+2HCl一2NaCl+H,0+C02↑可得，2HCl-C02,消耗盐酸的物质的量为12mo/L×5.0×103L=0.06mol;浓硫酸的物质的量浓度=184x100x98%m0l·L=18,4m0l·L,98Vc0,)=0.06 mol/Lx2.4/mal=0.672L;由Na,C0,·xH,0-溶液在稀释前后溶质的物质的量不变，则配制500mL0.5mol·28.58g2HC1可知，106+18)g/m=0.03mol,解得x=10。L'H,S0,溶液需浓硫酸的体积为5m0l·Lx05L0.0136L18.4mol·L-13.6mL。②选择仪器的标准是大而近，则要量取13.6mL浓硫10.A密度大于1g·cm的两种溶液等体积混合后，溶质质量分数酸，需使用规格是15mL的量筒。大于两者和的一半，密度小于1g·cm的两种溶液等体积混合后，溶质质量分数小于两者和的一半，因此溶质质量分数为98%热点题型探究2物质的组成、结构、的浓硫酸与等体积水混合后，硫酸的质量分数大于49%，故A正性质与阿伏加德罗常数确：量筒精确度为0.1mL,故B错误；11.7 g NaCl的物质的量为1.C2.B58.5g·mmF=0.2mol,将1.7gNad固体溶于2L水中，溶液体11.7g18g93.D18gL"0的物质的量为20g产m0nl,含有的中子数.522

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已知：①2FeCl3+ZnS—ZnCl2+2FeCL2+S;22FeCl3+FeS-3FeCl2+S;③该条件下，溶液中部分金属离子生成氢氧化物开始沉淀和沉淀完全时的pH如表所示：金属离子Zn2FeFe2+开始沉淀时的pH5.42.27.5沉淀完全(c=1.0×10-5mol·L1)时的pH6.43.29.0④沉淀时加入氨水逐步调节溶液的pH至6,5，此时滤渣Ⅱ中不含Pr的化合物。回答下列问题：(1)为了提高错元素的浸出率，可采取的措施有(填一种即可)。(2)滤渣I的主要成分为SiO2和S:①写出SiO2的一种用途：②S可用来处理体温计破碎时渗出的液态Hg,还可用来制黑火药（由硫黄粉，硝酸钾和木炭混合而成，爆炸时的生成物为硫化钾、氮气和二氧化碳)写出黑火药爆炸时发生反应的化学方程边(k034二K5+,+0(3)加入H,0,的目的是得=价铁配成e:其发生反应的离子方程式为+H02Py253十H02=rPrxP,开于形+h0(4)滤渣Ⅱ的主要成分为eo出5InloH)2(填化学式)。(5)利用表中的数据求出K,[Fe(OH),]=10X/D9H+0(6)利用电解法可以生产金属错。先将氯化镨与工业纯KC1配成二元电解电源质体系(PCl一KC),然后置于槽内熔化，通入直流电进行电解（如图M所示，两电极均为惰性电极)。①M电极与电源的(填“正极”或“负极”)相连。②电池卫作时，每转移O.6NA个电子，此时产生的气体的体积为熔融的PrCl-KCIL(已换算成标准状况下)。0322.40318.(13分)通过化学方法实现CO2的资源化利用是一种非常理想的CO2减排途径。072I.利用CO2制备CO定温度下，在恒容密闭容器中进行反应：CO2(g)千H2(g)一CO(g)十H2O(g)。则：C(u)c(HM)(1)该反应的衡常数表达式K=Eto)E(H:)CD.(2)下列事实能说明上述反应达到化学衡状态的是(填标号)。a2A体系内n(CO):n(H2O)=1:1XB.体系压强不再发生变化×但压)B(C.体系内各物质浓度不再发生变化7(1a4D.体系内CO的物质的量分数不再发生变化Ⅱ.利用CO2制备甲醇(CHOH)反应1：CO2(g)+3H2(g)一CH,OH(g)+H,O(g)△H=-90.4kJ·molP1(主反应)3与(【◇高二化学第6货（共8页）◇】b.®-0

第二节阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。34.Li Sifei hopes that his students'life can be四Alena Analeigh Wicker is just 13.The American girl was accepted to a阅A.comfortableB.busyfamous university to study medicine.Alena showed am6 interest in STEM-science,technology.多colorfulD.meaningful语篇engineering,and math-at an early age.She is always hungry for knowledge理解35.In which part of the newspaper can we read theWhen she was 12,the little black girl finished high school courses.You may think Alena is just a bookworm(书呆子)，btyou aretext?空wrong.The girl started the "Brown STEM Girl",a program fo8 girlsA.Technology多Education.of color who are interested in STEM.Of all the scientists and engineers inC.Opinion.D.Fashion.America today,only a small number of people are women.Amongthothe number of people of color is even smaller.Alena wants to change thisThrough the"Brown STEM Girl",she is helping many other girls like hert0 experience success.How's your eyesight(视力)Frommoment we were born,our eyesand oureyesight becomes clearer.However,others will becomeB:I'm writing a compositicshort-sightedsay more of us wilglassey,there's a rise五A:(72)Who is your heroolifestyles.B:Ren Zhengfei.They stare (at their phones and computers for long periods阅读理解A:The CEO of Huawei?haveased screen timese dayof COVID-19As补B:Yes.He has made Huawei famous all over the world.And Huawei leadsto idve lessons ondeand they spendthe field in 5G.ese problemsA:(73)You're right/I agree with you.In fact,lots of thingsmoreedmade in China are popular in the world.B:I'm so proud of our country.it candHavfindanyfore the对话A:We students can also do something to make oucountry strongerprB:(74)What do you think we should dohA:We should work hard and make us better in many ways.And don't forgeB:I agree.What do you want to be in the future?D More and more children haye pA:(75)I want to be a scientist /teacher/doctor /..E.Therefore.spending more time outdoors is importantB:I hope your dream will come trueNot long after we moved to a new neighborhood,wehaddry-cleaned.(千洗店)used to43Yelp,a website which offers customer reviews and rec六近年来，文具盲盒、流沙笔of the best restaurants,shops,and so on.I was a little bit44by what I袋、扭蛋橡皮等新奇文具深受学完形填空found.A local cleaner stood out from the rest of the list.It had 4.8 stars.areally high 45for a small shop41生们的青睐。有人认为这些玩具to drop ofrthere thatafternI walked化的文具会影响学，学校应禁throagh theor,afternoon.How are止学生使用这类文具；也有人认seen youbefore"he said "Is this0为这些文具很有创意。你是否购"How exciting!Welcome and thank you very much for 51.I'll take表买过此类文具？你是如何看待文good care of your52Just a minute after I53the shop.I got into conversation with the达具玩具化这个现象的？请你用英who felt like an old friend.It seemhe didn't54surehenewmunity.语写一篇短文，阐述你的观点并thag说明理由。6of it had tovith tha(印象)C41.A.choiceB.suggestionC.problemD.discovery写作要求：A42.A.neverB.alwaysC.onlyD.almostB 43.A.test1.要点齐全、语句通顺、语法正确、书写规范：B.searchC.countD.trip44.A.scaredB.disappointed六2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；C.relaxedD.surprised3.100词左右。C 45.A.riskB.priceC.markD.voice提示词汇：stationery items文具用品；D46.A.hopedB.refusedC.forgotD.decided书lose concentration注意力不集中A47.A.AsB.IfC.UnlessD.Though填空C 48.A.presentB.answerC.welcomeD.noticeToy-like stationery items:helpful or harmful?Recently,toy-like stationery items have become veryB 49.A.joinedB.greetedC.warnedD doubtedpopular among students.A 50.A.firstB.lastC.wrongD.perfect表D 51.A.cleaning upB.calling backC.helping outD.coming byC52.A.moneyB.healthC.clothesD.petsB 53.A.leftB.enteredC.openedD.passedA 54.A.simplyB.finallyC.latelyD.probablyB 55.A.enemyB.customerC.friendD.teacherdecideimpossibleIt was写作指导：四the Alps.When they reached one of the famous mountainsmany people第一节were already climbing it.Jordan and his friends started climbing and soon六本篇作要求同学们写篇短文谈谈如何看待文具J6开assh玩具化这个现象。根据提示，写作重点是介绍你对这类阅读短文，从theyuldAt that timnd then go文具的看法并说明理由。语篇填空方框中选择适to climb.He told them."Let's climb that muntain instead of◎主题：人与自我之生活与学当的词并用其bing tha©子主题：学校生活正确形式填空©主要时态：一般现在时mountain alone Te challenge and began to walk towards thathe reached the top.表O主要人称：第三人称使短文通顺、The回行文布局：意思完整。每make efforts.they can reach the top of this①引出话题ntain空限填一词，people prefeRecently,toy-like stationery items have become very每词限用一次popular among students.the couragethanked the experieneed climber for explaining the3

18.(每空2分，共14分)(1)①-935.3②0.13240(或3.24×103)(2)①<②C③>kek好19.(共13分)(1)醚键、碳氯键(2分)(2)2(2分)OH(3)COOCH,CH,COOC(CH)C.H,ONaC.H,OH从人K+CH0H(2分)(4)19(2分)HCOOCH(CH2CH3)2(2分)CHaCH2CICH,COOHCH2COOCHCl2①NaCNCHOH(5)(3分)光照②H2O,H(CH3)SiCl化学试卷参考答案与评分细则第2页（共2页）

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）We first met Luise and Else in the early days of our marriage.Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）garage each garbage day,and Luke and I had wondered who.Then one day we spolted him:an elderly man who lived阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。across the street.AI baked biscuits and left them on a stool outside the garage with a thank-you note.When we got home from work thatNew Attractions Across the UKday,a typed letter had replaced the gift.The letter was from Luise and explained how he had come to walk theGlide at Battersea power station,Londonneighborhood on garbage day,returning cans for people he barely knew.Back when he'd been fighting a war I wasn'tThe Battersea power station has London's newest ice-skating arena.Clide has three interconnected skating areasalive to see,his young wife,Else,had found herself living alone.Neighbors had taken the time to handle her garbagearound a 10-metre Christmas tree.There is a rinkside bar serving wine and hot chocolate;street-food trucks and hutscans so she didn't have to,and he never forgot.Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us.dishing up hog roasts and fondues;and a vintage fun fair.A few years after we'd moved in,Luise died.We photocopied that letter and attached it to one of our own for Else.Until 8 January,from 8 children/f12 adults/$36 families,We told her how special Luise had been to us,and how thankful we were to have known him.She wrote back and told uswww.batterseapowerstation.co.ukshe still talked to Luise every day.When Else invited us over to look through Christmas ornaments,I realized how hard itWake the Tiger,Bristolmust be to part with that box,a piece of Luise.This "amazement park"combines an art gallery,theme park and film set.Artists,videographers and roboticsThis Christmas,we'll decorate our tree with Else's ornaments,out of the box that is labeled in Luise's handwriting.experts have teamed up to make an immersive experience with 27 different environments,such as secret passageways,Maybe I'll talk to him just as Else still does.Thank you,I'll say.For teaching us what it means to be a neighbour.hidden forests and ice caves.Visitors enter a portal to a parallel dimension,emerging in an abandoned factory that is now24.What did the author's kids think of Else's antique Christmas ornaments?home to alchemists(炼金术士)who are trying to save the world,A.Boring.B.Awful.C.Interesting.D.Plain12.50 children/18.50 adults,25.How did the author get to know Luise?A.He lived across from the author's house.B.He returned the garbage cans for the author.www.waketheliger.comC.Ie tasted the biscuits baked by the authorD.He shared the decorations with the author.The Children's Country House at Sudbury,DerbyshireSudbury Hall in Derbyshire reopened as the Children's Country House-the first stately home aimed at kids.The26.Why did Luise return garbage cans for people in the neighborhood?A.Because he worked as a garbage man.National Trust worked with 100 children to make the hall fun and interactive,so now visitors can create their ownB.Because he was saved by others in a war.portraits in the picture gallery,dance and sing in the saloon and curl up with a book in the library.There is also anC.Because his wife was helped by neighbors in his absence.evacuee-themed escape room,a revamped museum of childhood and gardens with new play and picnic areas.D.Because he thought it helped him to fit into the community11 children/822 adults/855 families.27.What is the best title of the passage?www.nationaltrust.org.uhA.A Garbage Man's Life StoryB.The Gift of a Great NeighbourEureka!Science and Discovery,MerseysideC.Hard to Say CoodbyeD.Harmony in the NeighborhoodDesigned for children under 15,Eureka!,is a museum aiming to bring science,technology,engineering and mathsto life.Home,exploring how things around the house work;and Nature,looking at solutions to big environmentalAn amateur archaeologist has figured out a Stone Age writing system that experts believe is the oldest everproblems.Mersey Ferries is offering museum-goers 20%off river cruise tickets,so families can combine a visit with adiscovered.Ben Bacon,a furniture restorer by day,spent many evenings examining pictures of cave paintings ofhop-on,hop-off boat trip from Liverpool.mammoths (and other prehistoric animals.His analysis,which has been backed by university professorsFrom 6.95 children/f15.95 adults,closed 1 January,suggests that the paintings,whichare up to25,000 yearsold,use symbols to relay information.www.eurekadiscovery.org.uk"I'm interested in how writing develops,"Bacon,67,said.He believes that hunter-gatherers used symbols to store21.Where is the amazement park Wake the Tiger located?information on the breeding cycles of their prey roughly 11,000 years ago.The next oldest system did not appear untilA.In London.B.In Bristol.C.In Derbyshire.D.In Merseyside.about 5,500 years ago.The older system uses three symbols-lines,dots and a "Y"shape-and a calendar based on22.What ean people do in The Children's Country House?the lunar cycle.The year starts with spring and dots and lines stand for lunar months.A picture of a mammoth followedA.Go ice-skating.B.Make a film.C.Paint pictures.D.Take a cruise.by five marks indicates that the mammoth breeding season takes place five lunar months after the start of spring.The Y23.Which website can a parent visit if he wants his kid to acquire scientific knowledge?shape is used to show what time of year a species gives birth.A.www.batterseapowerstation.co.uk.B.www.wakethetiger.com.The findings have been published in the Cambridge Archaeological Journal.The authors of the paper also includeC.www.nationaltrust.org.uk.D.www.eurekadiscovery.org.uk.professors from Durham University and University College London.公Bacon believes that the findings change how we think about our Ice Age ancestors.Their cave art has often beenSeated in Else's living room,my children gazed in amazement at the antique Christmas ornaments out of a cardboardinterpreted as an attempt to tur to God for help."They've conventionally been thought of as superstitious people who trybox.They appreciated things like a novel stuffed cat.Else stood beside them,quietly explaining each treasure.And sheto use hunting magic to kill animals,"Bacon said."The signs are actually a scientific observational database ofsmiled as we left with the boxinformation that they build up over many years and sometimes decades."英语·第3页（共8页）英语·第4页（共8页）

全国100所名校最新高考楼拟示花卷会When theday HarldRobers pleasedhave his edest child by his side andsaid it was a "really nice thing"to work together with her.His-daughter helped open thepatient's chest."She did a great job.It was really very smooth.I wouldn't have done the caseany better if I had another heart surgeon assisting me,"he said.Harold and Sophia Roberts reported their patient had done great since the surgery and waseven excited the father-daughter team would be taking care of her."I saw her in clinic not longago and she was very happy that her heart had made the news,"Harold Roberts said.Sophia Roberts'interest in medicine started at an early age.Harold Roberts said he tookher to her first operation when she was around 11 years old."Instead of reading storybooks toher at times,I was showing her anatomy books.She showed a real interest in thatand expressed a strong desire to do like me,Harold Roberts said.Today,the Robertses are excited to continue working together.For the next year,SophiaRoberts is looking forward to digging into cardiovascular(心血管的)research,before turningback to surgery in her 7-year residency program."In fact,we've made it this far and it's unusual enough that our paths have connected atthis point,but there's still a lot more to go,"Sophia Roberts said.But at the same time,Harold Roberts added,"What can be better?I taught this kid how to ride a bicycle a fewdecades ago.Now,to get to teach her how to operate on a human heart is pretty amazing.4.What benefit did Sophia Roberts get from the operation with his father?A.She became as famous as her father.B.She learned some skills from her father.C.She made friends with some patients.D.She was praised by other excellent doctors.5.What can we know from paragraph 4?A.Sophia's wish was to be a doctor when young.B.Sophia received her operation at about 11 years old.C.Sophia preferred storybooks to anatomy books.D.Sophia wasn't really interested in learning medicine.6.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Sophia thought cooperation with her father was strange.O英语卷（五）第3页（共12页）【23·(新高考)ZX·MN·英语·SD】

17.(12分)1L某溶液A中存在Ba2+、Fe2+、AI+、Fe3+、Mg2+、HCO3、CO32、C、NO3、SO42.中的五种离子，且浓度均为0.1mol/L。对A溶液进行以下实验，整个过程如下图所示（部分产物省略），反应①后的溶液B与溶液A中的阴离子种类相同。空气中气体甲气体乙溶足量盐酸常温液反应①溶适量固体C沉淀甲A液B调p-4过滤溶液D足量NaOH沉淀乙回答下列问题：(1)溶液A中含有的阴离子是(2)反应①的离子方程式为(3)固体C可能是A.MgOB.Mg(OH)CIC.MgCO3D.MgClz理由是(用必要的化学用语及文字表示)：(4)气体甲、气体乙造成的环境问题有(写出其中一个即可)：(5)若向原溶液中加入足量的NaOH溶液，充分反应后将沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥并灼烧至恒重，得到固体的质量为共8页第6页

二全国9©0所名校高考模拟金典卷9.短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、R的原子序数依次增大，X是地壳中含量最高的元素，Z单下列说法错误的是质在X单质中燃烧火焰呈黄色，基态R原子的3p能级只有1个成对电子。下列说A.mn法正确的是B.△H3=Ea1-E2十E3-EA.原子半径：Z>R>Y>XC.升高温度能提高1,4一加成的选择性B.气态氢化物的稳定性：Y>X>RD.反应③中既有非极性键的断裂和形成，又有极性键的断裂和形成C.X与Z组成的化合物中一定不含有共价键12.【拔高题】工业上一种脱除和利用工厂废气中CO2方法的示意图如图所示，已知某D.X与R组成的化合物的VSEPR模型一定与CH的相同温度下H2C03的K1=4.6×10-7,K2=5.0×10-1,lg5=0.7。10.四氟硼酸锂(LiBF)化学性质稳定，可用作一次锂电池（心脏起搏器电池等）或二次净化气C02.锂离子电池电解液的导电盐。其制备流程如图所示，下列说法错误的是、KCO溶液、KHCO,溶液CO2HFHBO,溶液吸收塔再生塔山，C0,料浆一→反应器工-过滤器-反应器LiF.3HF反应器3→粗产品→…废H.O铂电极玻碳电极不溶颗粒质子交换膜A.不溶颗粒的主要成分为Li2CO下列说法正确的是B.实验室中模拟工艺流程时反应器3不能选用三颈圆底烧瓶A.吸收塔和再生塔发生的反应互为可逆反应C.反应器2中的反应为LiHCO3+4HF—LiF·3HF+HO十CO2个B某温度下，吸收塔中溶液pH=9.3,则溶液的HC0)=10c(CO)D.粗产品必须经过负压下浓缩、冷却结晶才可得到纯净的四氟硼酸锂C.玻碳电极上的电极反应为2H2O十4e一O2↑+4H11.2,3一二甲基一1,3一丁二烯与溴单质发生液相加成反应(1,2一加成和1,4一加成)，D.若电流效率（电流效率=生成目标产物转移的电子数×1O0%)为50%，当C0,电Br反应过程中转移的电子数体系中同时存在如下反应：①人十Br→B△H=mkJ·mol-1;催化生成0.4 mol HCOOH时，正极区产生气体的体积为4.48L(标准状况)13.已知CH(g)十CO2(g)一2CO(g)十2H2(g)△H>0。在密闭容器中充入等体△H=nk·mol1;③Br积的反应物，测得衡时CO2、H2分压的对数有如图所示关系，压强的单位为B2→BrMPa。下列说法错误的是↑lg(H)△H。已知两种产物可通过中间产物：C-CHB,相互转化，反应历程及能量变化T如图所示。01即(C0)EA.T>TaH.C-CH2BrBa点对应的K,=高（MPaPBrC.c点对应的p(CO2)=1000MPa反应历程D.当容器中CH与CO的压强比为1：2时，不能说明该反应达到衡状态化学（四）第3页（共8页）【24新高考·JD·化学一JX)化学（四）第4页（共8页）【24新高考·JD·化学-JX】

moon in the future.naord,we believe more good things are going tohappen nthemon nthe future.59.Astronauts brought the moon soil back from the moonA.for studying the earthB.for a test about the moon soilfor planting work on the moonD.for building a "greenhouse"60.What does the undeined word"fakemean in ChneC.做作的④仿真的B.真正的0)肥沃的61.Why did plants grow more slowly in the moon soil?A.Because scientists didn't choose the right soil.B.Because there is no"greenhouse"on the moon.C.Because scientists only know how to plant in difficult environments.D.Because there are many things that are not good for the plants'growth.62.How does the writer feel about the future things on the moon?D.Worried.(A Confident.B.Hopeless.C.Doubtful.CThe Great Wall of China including many different walls,has a long and difficult history.The earliest walls were built with packed dirt or wood at different parts.In 221 BC,the firstEmperor of China,Qin Shi Huang,ordered to push down the walls that divided his land and build anew wall connecting the remaining pieces,to protect his land from northern enemies.The Ming Dynastyhad the most famous Great Wall by building watchtowers and walls with stones and the earth.No one knows how long that wall was,as most of it has fallen down or been broken in wars.Atits height,the Great Wall was more than about 13,000 miles or 22,000 kilometers long.In some placesthe walls were 9 meters thick,and 7.5 meters tall,and there were as many as 25,000 watchtowers.You may think the Great Wall is so big that it can be seen from space,but that is not totallytrue.It cannot be seen at all from the moon,but from a much closer orbit ()it could be seenby someone who knew exactly where to look and what it would look like.Only some pieces of the wall are taken care of.It is too old to repair it all.Every year,theGreat Wall is the most popular place for tourists all over the world.63.What materials was the Great Wall built with in the history?Earth,wood and paper.B.Earth,stones and paper.C.Packed dirt,wood and paper.DPacked dirt,wood and stones.64.How long was the Great Wall at its height?eod sd enw gnilesl hluor nbwT helA.About 25,000 miles.About 22,000 kilometers.C.About 22,000 miles.D.About 13,000 kilometers.65.Why do Chinese only take care of some pieces of the wall?A.Because it is too old.oB.Because it is too new.C.Because it has fallen down.D.Because it is in a perfect situation.DA group of young men were working in a software company.It was a team of 30 people.Thiswas a young team with strong wish to learn and grow.One day the group was quite surprised as they were called for playing a game.When theyentered a hall,they found the hall decorated with colorful paper.It was more like a kid's play areathan a meeting hall.Also,there was a huge box of balloons placed at the center of the hall.Theteam leader asked everyone to pick up a balloon and blow it.Then they were asked to write theirnames on their balloons carefully so that the balloons didn't blow up.Those who failed to mark theirnames were ruled out of the game.Later,25 young men went through the first pass for the nextlevel.Then all the balloons were collected and put into a room英语·光享模拟卷（三）第6页(BGZ·共8页)

(5)①N2S2O3标准溶液显碱性，所以应该选择碱式滴定管，碱式滴定管排气泡的方式是将滴定管末端的尖嘴抬起，挤压橡胶管中的玻璃珠，使液体充满尖嘴，c项符合题意。②滴定管下端有一段是没有刻度的，且滴定管刻度从上往下数值由小到大，所以当用25.00mL的滴定管进行实验，当滴定管中的液面在刻度“10”处，溶液体积应>25.00mL10.00mL=15.00mL,d项符合题意。③根据方程式可知关系式I2~2S2O⅓2KI,则n(KI)=n(S2O号)=0.2×14.5×10-3=,0029(mo,其质量mK)=0.0029X166=0.4814(g,样品的纯度号，800X100%突96%。16.(1)适当升高温度（或搅拌等合理答案均可，1分）(2)Nd2(SO4)3+Na2SO4+xH2O=Nd2(SO4)3·Na2SO4·xH2O'(2分)(3)取最后一次洗涤液于试管中，向其中先滴加稀盐酸，再滴加氯化钡溶液，无白色沉淀生成(2分)；坩埚(1分)(4)3.0×10-4(2分)(5)钕铁硼废料(1分)；阳极发生电极反应Nd-3e—Nd3+,Fe-2e—Fe+,Fe2+易被氧化为Fe3+,根据Kp可知，Fe3+更易形成Fe(OH)3沉淀与NdB+分离(2分)(6)2(2分)：5.76X102(2分)√3XNA·x2y【解析】本题主要考查利用钕铁硼废料制备钕的工艺流程，考查学生对元素化合物的理解能力和综合运用能力。(1)适当升温或者提高酸的浓度、搅拌、延长浸取时间等均可提高Nd的浸出率。(3)洗涤的主要目的是洗去表面吸附的可溶性离子，故可通过检验硫酸根离子进行判断。(4)若Nd3+完全沉淀，c(Nd3+)≤10-5mol·L1,根据Kp[Nd2(C2O4)3]=2.7×10-21,则8/2.7X10-2T可得溶液中c(C,O)≥√10)2=3×10-4(mol·L-1)。(5)若采用电化学阳极氧化技术直接浸出钕铁硼废料中的钕和铁元素，则以钕铁硼废料为阳极进行电解。阳极发生电极反应Nd-3e—Nd3+,Fe-2e—Fe+,阴极有OH生成，根据Kp可知，Fe3+更易形成Fe(OH)3沉淀，电解时，产生的Nd3+浓度较小，在中性时，不易形成Nd(OH)3沉淀，使Fe和Nd分离。17.(1)①+40.9(2分)②0.4(2分)(20.2(2分)932(2分)：28,5(2分)(3)①>(1分)②主反应(1分)◇【高三化学·参考答案第3页（共5页）】·GS·

Can fish adapt?Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days ormonths-an extremely short length of time.The animals are not given a realistic opportunity toadapt.Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification,in partbecause early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability toregulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water.But maintaining normal functions suchas avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum,confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by risingwater temperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely,entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down.Although the science is still new,theresults appear to be lining up:ocean acidification is messing with fish's minds.27.What does the underlined word "treacherous"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Risky.B.Hurried.C.Mysterious.D.Helpless.28.What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A.They lost their senses to chemical signals.B.They were less likely to respond to threats.C.Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D.They tended to seek the protection from their home.29.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The author's study confirms previous findings.B.Fish's adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C.Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D.The chances of restoring fish's minds are yet to be seen.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B.What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C.How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D.How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?DA snake-robot designer,a technologist,an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walkinto a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks:Should we build houses on the ocean?Like a think-tank panel,members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem,such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X,the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year,in areasranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far-reaching creativity,these projects exist,ultimately,to chang the world,likeWaymo,the biggest self-driving-car company.高三英语第6页（共10页）

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色，所以溶液变色不能证明有Br存在，A项不符合题意；加入酸性KMnO4溶液，能将Br、I厂氧化，溴水、碘水都有颜色，不能观察到溶液颜色褪去，B项不符合题意；碘水与B不反应，有机层有色是因为碘溶于四氯化碳，实验现象与Br无关，C项不符合题意；加入足量的FCL3溶液，将全部氧化为2，用CCL4萃取后，取无色的水层并向其中加入AgNO3溶液，有淡黄色沉淀生成，证明生成了AgBr,从而证明含有Br,D项符合题意。7.A【解题分析】由于I的还原性强于Fe2+,所以C2应先氧化I厂，而不应先氧化Fe2+,A项错误；C2的氧化性强于12，化学方程式正确，B项正确；氧化性：Co2O3>C2,化学方程式正确，C项正确；氧化性：F3+>I2,离子方程式正确，D项正确。8.B【解题分析】“电解I”时阳极反应产物为氯气，故阳极必须为惰性电极，不可用铁材质，A项正确；“歧化反应”的产物之一为NaClO3,B项错误；经“操作a”获得氯化钠晶体和60%以上高氯酸，故“操作a”包含过滤操作，C项正确；“反应Ⅱ”为Cu2(OH)2CO3和HClO4的复分解反应，高氯酸是强酸，则离子方程式为Cu2(OH)2CO3十4H+一2Cu++CO2个+3H2O,D项正确。9.CD【解题分析】装置A中生成的氯气通过饱和食盐水吸收杂质氯化氢，通过装置C干燥后进入装置D中反应生成四氯化锡，尾气通过装置E吸收并防止空气中的水蒸气进入装置D。该装置为不加热装置，二氧化锰和浓盐酸反应需要加热，A项错误；装置D中球形冷凝管的水流方向为下进上出，进水口为2、出水口为1，B项错误；盐酸具有挥发性，得到的氯气中含有氯化氢，可以使用饱和食盐水吸收，C项正确：尾气中的氯气有毒会污染空气，装置E中试剂可选择碱石灰，D项正确。10.AB【解题分析】该反应中只有碘元素价态升高，由0价升高至KH(IO3)2中的十5价，每个碘原子升高5价，即6I2~60e,又因化学方程式中6I2~3Cl2,故3Cl2~60e,即Cl220e,所以产生22.4L(标准状况)Cl2即1molC2时，反应中应转移20mole,A项错误；该反应中KCIO中氯元素价态降低，KCO3作氧化剂，I2中碘元素价态升高，2作还原剂，由该化学方程式的计量系数可知11KCIO3~6I2,故该反应的氧化剂和还原剂的物质的量之比为11：6,B项错误；漂白粉的有效成分是次氯酸钙，工业上制漂白粉可用石灰乳与氯气反应，C项正确；食盐中IO可先与酸化的淀粉碘化钾溶液中的H+、I厂发生归中反应IO⅓十5I+6H+一312+3H2O生成I2,12再与淀粉发生特征反应变为蓝色，故可用酸化的淀粉碘化钾·30·【24·G3AB(新高考)·化学·参考答案一R一必考一QGA一Y】

口■口■■■l3.B词义猜测题。根据“but”一词可知画线词与“incorrect”和“nonsensical”应互为反义词，“sounding”指的是听起来，故本句句意为：当提到专业写作或完成一项工作时，ChatGPT有时可以写出听上去貌似合理但其实不正确或很荒谬的答案。故答案为B。14.A推理判断题。根据全文主旨大意以及最后一段可知，作者向读者讲述了ChatGPT广泛的用途以及不足之处，并表明ChatGPT的发明是高科技的一次进步，并不能称之为次彻底的变革。因此作者的态度应是客观的，故答案为A。15.C主旨大意题。根据文章主旨大意可知作者认为ChatGPT的发明是高科技的一次进步，并不能称之为一次彻底的变革，故C选项的标题最为合适。故答案为C。第二节主题语境：人与自然【语篇导读】本文是一篇指导性说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“生态旅游”以及如何进行生态旅游16.E空前介绍了现在人们的环保态度和措施。设空处说“我们想要将这些态度放到旅游当中”，空后解释了“这就是其他形式的旅游在全世界越来越受欢迎的原因。”17.G设空处说明“游客们住在当地人家中，而不是专门的酒店”，空后这句话说“他们体验当地文化，并且不从当地人那带走珍贵的资源和水”，“他们”指代的就是选项中的“Tourists”,语义逻辑连贯。18.C本段小标题含义为“做好准备”。空前一句建议大家去了解旅游的目的地，设空处是对前文的进一步解释，即“了解一下目的地的文化和历史”。19.A设空处应选小标题，后文说道“如果当地水资源稀缺，你就不要一天洗两次澡”。所以设空处应该提议“不要浪费资源”。20.F本段倡议大家“除了脚印什么都不要留下，除了照片什么都不要带走。对待旅游地就像对待自己的家乡一样”，所以设空处进一步提出建议“不要买用濒危动植物制成的纪念品”。第二部分语言运用第一节主题语境：人与自我【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在滑雪的过程中走出舒适区，勇敢面对冒险和挑战，最终找到内心真正的自信和静21.A句意为“我的户外经历屈指可数”，设空处为动词“数数”之意。英语参考答案·第4页（共6页）

2023-2024学年上学期高三新课程第1-4期参考答案及详细解析综合能力测试(1)参考答案及部分解析参考答案1-5 ACBAC6-10 BCBAA11-15 BACBA16-20 CACBB21-25 CDAAC26-30 ABDCD31-35 BACBD36-40 EACFG41-45 CAABD46-50 CDCAB51-55 CBDAB56-60 BCDAD61.consequences62.global63.to provide64.s065.who that 66.were67.slightly68.in69.limiting70.was conducted短文改错71.after spend a…spend→spending72.We found peaceful ..peaceful一peace73....but discovered the...but→and74..drives us into…drives→drove75..they have loved…they→we76..got long and…long→longer77....every a minute.去掉a78....pushed ourselves the...ourselves后加to79....our commonly form...commonly→common80....time a week.time→times书面表达One possible version:Good morning,everyone!It's my honor to be here.When I first took a flight to Beijing with my parents as a sixth grader,Ifelt very excited up in the air.It was a holiday trip but inspired me to go into space one day.I toldmy father on the return trip that I wanted to be an astronaut and he encouraged me to go aftermy dream.From then on,I spared some time to read magazines about space and watch news broadcastsabout space stations.I have figured out some of my puzzles.But there are still some unsolved.Now I am studying hard and hoping to travel to China's space station in the future.That's all.Thank you for your listening.部分解析阅读理解第一节A篇主题语境：人与自我一一生活本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个最好的在线拼图游戏。21.C。理解具体信息。根据题干中的关键信息the app with20,000HDphotos-turned-puzzles可定位到Magic Jigsaw Puzzles by ZiMAD部分中的Start as a beginnerand become a master with this app,which offers20,000 HD photos--turned-puzzles,.再根据该部

20.W是一种高分子功能材料，在生产、生活中有广泛应用。一种合成W的路线如图。BCH3CHOCHOH2C=C-CH=CH2A定条件CH2=CHCHO催化剂回器可CH3CH3D高分子化合物一定条件HOCH2I)NaOH水溶液，△COOHWIDHG+催化剂己知：请回答下列问题：(1)D的名称是G中官能团名称是(2)已知E的分子式为CHO2,F的结构简式为(3)G→W的化学方程式为(4)M是G的同分异构体，同时满足下列条件的结构有种（不考虑立体异构）。①遇氯化铁溶液能发生显色反应；②能与NHCO,反应产生气体。其中核磁共振氢谱上有5组峰且峰的面积比为1：2：2：2：1的结构简式为。(5)设计以2,3-二氯丁烷(C1)、丙烯醛(CH2=CHCHO)为原料合成苯甲醛的合成路线(无机试剂任选)。【答案】(1)①.对甲基苯甲醛（或4甲基苯甲醛）②.羟基、羧基CICH2COOHHOCH?COOH一定条件(2)(3)H+OCH2+(n-1)H20HO-CH2COOH(4)①.13②CICHOCHONaOH醇溶液CH,=CHCH0→一定条件(5)催化剂■【解析】第17页/共19页

高三第一轮复周测卷教学札记高三第一轮复周测卷·化学周测卷二氧化还原反应的人所关酒(40分钟100分)中的几种，》考情分析园微信扫码回图只高考对接点氧化还原反应是高考频考点，在高考中常以选择题或填空题的形式考查学疑难点陌生氧化还原反应的离子或化学方程式的书写及相关计算滚动知识点物质分类；离子反应观看微课视场典型情境题1、7、8、9、12、13课外题解析下载复课件可能用到的相对原子质量：H1C12N14016Na23A127S32C135.5Mn55Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65第I卷（选择题共48分）题序12345678910答案C B A CC A CC ACBC离子是、选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。1.古诗词是古人为我们留下的宝贵精神财富。下列诗句不涉及氧化还原反应的是【程式：A野火烧不尽，春风吹又生B.春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干量是C.粉骨碎身浑不怕，要留清白在人间D.爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏子在？【解题分析】可燃物的燃烧、炸药的爆炸均属于剧烈的氧化还原反应，而CaCO:高温分解生成CaO和CO2,CaO十H,O一Ca(OH)2,反应中每、碳、氧3种元素的化合价均不发生变化，不涉及氧化还原反应，C项符合题意。应，【答案】C家答2.下列反应中，水只作还原剂的氧化还原反应是A.C12+HO—HCI+HCIO。苏，食3共，伦小丽，酸心共圆本：福就数，为B.2F2+2H2O—4HF+O2C.2K+2H2O—2KOH+H2ND.CaO+H2O-Ca(OH)2【解题分析】反应中HO中的HO元素化合价均未发生变化，水既不是氧化剂也不是还原剂，A项不符合题意；反应中HO中的O失电子，H元素的化合价不变，水只作还原剂，B项符合题意；反应中H2O中的H得电子，水只作氧化剂，C项不符合题意；反应中元素化合价均未发生变化，不是氧化还原反应，D项不符合题意。【答案B3.反应11P+15CuSO,+24H0一5CuP+6HP0,十15HSO:中，被氧化的磷原子与被还原的磷原子个数比是A.6:5B.5:6C.11:5D.11:6【解题分析】11molP参加氧化还原反应，有5molP化合价降低被还原生成5 mol CusP,有6molP化合价升高被氧化生成6 mol H:PO4,所以被氧化的P原子与被还原的P原子个数比是6：5。【答案】A【24·G3ZCJ(新高考)·化学-R-必考-QGA-Y】

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(3)检验河水是硬水还是软水通常选用的试剂为大·君堂S0一CS0S(4)化学实验室中水的用途很多。如红磷燃烧测定空气中氧气的含量的实验中，集气瓶内加少量水可以吸收燃烧放出的热量以及生成的白烟，请写出红磷在氧气中燃烧的文字表达16.(6分)利用数据传感技术可以形象地比较过氧化氢溶液在有无催化剂条件下的分解速率。某兴趣小组同学利用下列装置，测得瓶内气压随时间的变化如图所示：◆气压:塞意「醒大两共等学州.传感器酥“券湿批”武回券园采集信息亦及款形成图像①司10mL3%汉时油座用治间的过氧化②二氧化锰氢溶液甲时间(1)甲锥形瓶内发生反应的文字表达式为(2)由图分析可知：曲线·(填“①”或“②”)表示无二氧化锰条件下发生的反应。(3)请从催化剂的角度解释，在实验过程中，上述两个反应虽化学反应速率不同，但完全反应后两个装置内压强相同的原因是(4)该兴趣小组设计了如图所示装置对比淀粉与二氧化锰的催化效果，实验均以生成25L气体为准，其他可能的影响因素忽略不计。相关数据见下表。塑料瓶气体20mL3%气泡H202溶液倒置的量筒淀粉或二氧化锰水槽清水实验编号3%过氧化氢溶液的体积其他物质质量待测数据I20mL淀粉0.5ga20mL二氧化锰0.$gbⅡ①上述实验中的“待测数据”指最后，结果表明二氧化锰的催化效果较好，则ab(填“<”、“>”或=”)。注意：若答对以下小题奖励3分，化学试卷总分不超过40分。②小明用坩埚钳夹取少量光亮的铜丝，放在酒精灯火焰上灼烧至表面变黑后，迅速插入支装有200mL3%过氧化氢溶液的试管中，观察到试管内迅速产生大量气泡，且变黑的铜丝质量和化学性质不发生改变，于是得出结论：氧化铜可以加快过氧化氢分解。有同学认为这个结论不可靠，原因是过氧化氢分解速率加快，还可能与有关。请你设计实验方案证明17.(5分)根据题目要求进行计算。(1)已知磷原子的核电荷数是15，相对原子质量是31，磷原子的中子数是(2)已知可作为相对原子质量标准的一个碳原子的质量为mkg,一个A原子的质量为nkg,求A原子的相对原子质量。2023一2024学年九年级上学期期中学业水监测化学试题卷第4页（共4页）

Ⅱ.三氧化钼MoO3)是石油工业中常用的催化剂，也是瓷轴药的颜料，该物质常使用辉钼矿（主要成分为MoS2)通过一定条件来制备，回答下列相关问题。已知：①MoS2(S)=Mo(S)+S2(g)△H1②S2(g+202(g)=2SO2(g)△H③2Mo(s+3Oz(g)=2MoOs(S)△H(2)则2MoS2(S+7O2(g)=2MoO3(S)十4SO2(g)的△H=(用含△H1、△H2、△H3的代数式表示)(3)若在恒温恒容的容器中加入一定量MoS2,仅发生反应MoS2(s)=Mo(S+S2(g)①下列说法正确的是(填字母)a.气体的密度不变，则反应一定达到了衡状态b.气体的相对分子质量不变，反应不一定处于衡状态c.增加MoS2的量，衡正向移动②达到衡时S2(g)的浓度为1.4moL',若t时充入一定量的S2(g),到。反应再次达到衡，请在下图中画出t一t时间段S2(g)的浓度与时间的关系图。C(s2)(mol/L)1.4(4)在2L恒容密闭容器中充入1.0molS2(g)和1.5molO2(g),若仅发生反应：S2(g)+202(g)=2S02(g),5min后反应达到衡，此时容器压强为起始时的80%，则0~5min内，S2(g)的反应速率为mol-L-.min!。(5)在恒容密闭容器中，加入足量的MoS2和O2,仅发生反应：2MoS2(s十7O2(g)=2MoO(S+4SO2(g)△H。测得氧气的衡转化率与起始压强、温度的关系如图所示。O2衡转化率%90●501011001300T/K①△H(填“<”或=”)0：比较p1、p2、p3的大小：②若初始时通入7.0molO2,P2为7.0MPa,则A点衡常数Kp=高二化学学科试题第7页共8页